2009 JBMO Shortlist

Algebra

1

Determine all integers $a, b, c$ satisfying identities: $a + b + c = 15$ $(a - 3)^3 + (b - 5)^3 + (c -7)^3 = 540$

2

$\boxed{A2}$ Find the maximum value of $z+x$ if $x,y,z$ are satisfying the given conditions.$x^2+y^2=4$ $z^2+t^2=9$ $xt+yz\geq 6$

3

Find all values of the real parameter $a$, for which the system $(|x| + |y| - 2)^2 = 1$ $y = ax + 5$ has exactly three solutions

4

Let $ x$, $ y$, $ z$ be real numbers such that $ 0 < x,y,z < 1$ and $ xyz = (1 - x)(1 - y)(1 - z)$. Show that at least one of the numbers $ (1 - x)y,(1 - y)z,(1 - z)x$ is greater than or equal to $ \frac {1}{4}$

5

$\boxed{\text{A5}}$ Let $x,y,z$ be positive reals. Prove that $(x^2+y+1)(x^2+z+1)(y^2+x+1)(y^2+z+1)(z^2+x+1)(z^2+y+1)\geq (x+y+z)^6$

Combinatorics

1

Each one of 2009 distinct points in the plane is coloured in blue or red, so that on every blue-centered unit circle there are exactly two red points. Find the gratest possible number of blue points.

2

Five players $(A,B,C,D,E)$ take part in a bridge tournament. Every two players must play (as partners) against every other two players. Any two given players can be partners not more than once per a day. What is the least number of days needed for this tournament?

3

a) In how many ways can we read the word SARAJEVO from the table below, if it is allowed to jump from cell to an adjacent cell (by vertex or a side) cell? b) After the letter in one cell was deleted, only $525$ ways to read the word SARAJEVO remained. Find all possible positions of that cell.

4

Determine all pairs of $(m, n)$ such that is possible to tile the table $ m \times n$ with figure ”corner” as in figure with condition that in that tilling does not exist rectangle (except $m \times n$) regularly covered with figures.

Geometry

1

Parallelogram ${ABCD}$ is given with ${AC>BD}$, and ${O}$ intersection point of ${AC}$ and ${BD}$. Circle with center at ${O}$and radius ${OA}$ intersects extensions of ${AD}$and ${AB}$at points ${G}$ and ${L}$, respectively. Let ${Z}$ be intersection point of lines ${BD}$and ${GL}$. Prove that $\angle ZCA={{90}^{{}^\circ }}$.

2

In right trapezoid ${ABCD \left(AB\parallel CD\right)}$ the angle at vertex $B$ measures ${{75}^{{}^\circ }}$. Point ${H}$is the foot of the perpendicular from point ${A}$ to the line ${BC}$. If ${BH=DC}$ and${AD+AH=8}$, find the area of ${ABCD}$.

3

Parallelogram ${ABCD}$with obtuse angle $\angle ABC$ is given. After rotation of the triangle ${ACD}$ around the vertex ${C}$, we get a triangle ${CD'A'}$, such that points $B,C$ and ${D'}$are collinear. Extensions of median of triangle ${CD'A'}$ that passes through ${D'}$intersects the straight line ${BD}$ at point ${P}$. Prove that ${PC}$is the bisector of the angle $\angle BP{D}'$.

4

Let $ ABCDE$ be a convex pentagon such that $ AB+CD=BC+DE$ and $ k$ a circle with center on side $ AE$ that touches the sides $ AB$, $ BC$, $ CD$ and $ DE$ at points $ P$, $ Q$, $ R$ and $ S$ (different from vertices of the pentagon) respectively. Prove that lines $ PS$ and $ AE$ are parallel.

5

Let ${A, B, C}$ and ${O}$ be four points in plane, such that $\angle ABC>{{90}^{{}^\circ }}$ and ${OA=OB=OC}$.Define the point ${D\in AB}$ and the line ${l}$ such that ${D\in l, AC\perp DC}$ and ${l\perp AO}$. Line ${l}$ cuts ${AC}$at ${E}$ and circumcircle of ${ABC}$ at ${F}$. Prove that the circumcircles of triangles ${BEF}$and ${CFD}$are tangent at ${F}$.

Number Theory

1

Solve in non-negative integers the equation $ 2^{a}3^{b} + 9 = c^{2}$

2

A group of $n > 1$ pirates of different age owned total of $2009$ coins. Initially each pirate (except the youngest one) had one coin more than the next younger. a) Find all possible values of $n$. b) Every day a pirate was chosen. The chosen pirate gave a coin to each of the other pirates. If $n = 7$, find the largest possible number of coins a pirate can have after several days.

3

Find all pairs $(x,y)$ of integers which satisfy the equation $(x + y)^2(x^2 + y^2) = 2009^2$

4

Determine all prime numbers $p_1, p_2,..., p_{12}, p_{13}, p_1 \le p_2 \le ... \le p_{12} \le p_{13}$, such that $p_1^2+ p_2^2+ ... + p_{12}^2 = p_{13}^2$ and one of them is equal to $2p_1 + p_9$.

5

Show that there are infinitely many positive integers $c$, such that the following equations both have solutions in positive integers: $(x^2 - c)(y^2 -c) = z^2 -c$ and $(x^2 + c)(y^2 - c) = z^2 - c$.