2015 Saint Petersburg Mathematical Olympiad

Grade 11

1

$x,y$ are real numbers such that $$x^2+y^2=1 , 20x^3-15x=3$$Find the value of $|20y^3-15y|$.(K. Tyshchuk)

2

$a,b>1$ - are naturals, and $a^2+b,a+b^2$ are primes. Prove $(ab+1,a+b)=1$

3

There are weights with mass $1,3,5,....,2i+1,...$ Let $A(n)$ -is number of different sets with total mass equal $n$( For example $A(9)=2$, because we have two sets $9=9=1+3+5$). Prove that $A(n) \leq A(n+1)$ for $n>1$

4

$ABCD$ is convex quadrilateral. Circumcircle of $ABC$ intersect $AD$ and $DC$ at points $P$ and $Q$. Circumcircle of $ADC$ intersect $AB$ and $BC$ at points $S$ and $R$. Prove that if $PQRS$ is parallelogram then $ABCD$ is parallelogram

5

Square with side 100 was cut by 99 horizontal and 99 vertical lines into 10000 rectangles (not necessarily with integer sides). How many rectangles in this square with area not exceeding 1 at least can be?

6

In country there are some cities, some pairs of cities are connected with roads.From every city go out exactly $100$ roads. We call $10$ roads, that go out from same city, as bunch. Prove, that we can split all roads in several bunches.

7

Let $BL$ be angle bisector of acute triangle $ABC$.Point $K$ choosen on $BL$ such that $\measuredangle AKC-\measuredangle ABC=90º$.point $S$ lies on the extention of $BL$ from $L$ such that $\measuredangle ASC=90º$.Point $T$ is diametrically opposite the point $K$ on the circumcircle of $\triangle AKC$.Prove that $ST$ passes through midpoint of arc $ABC$.(S. Berlov) Click to reveal hidden text my 100th post

Grade 10

1

There is child camp with some rooms. Call room as $4-$room, if $4$ children live here. Not less then half of all rooms are $4-$rooms , other rooms are $3-$rooms. Not less than $2/3$ girls live in $3-$rooms. Prove that not less than $35\%$ of all children are boys.

2

The beaver is chess piece that move to $2$ cells by horizontal or vertical. Every cell of $100 \times 100$ chessboard colored in some color,such that we can not get from one cell to another with same color with one move of beaver or knight. What minimal color do we need?

3

$ABCD$ - convex quadrilateral. Bisectors of angles $A$ and $D$ intersect in $K$, Bisectors of angles $B$ and $C$ intersect in $L$. Prove $$2KL \geq |AB-BC+CD-DA|$$

4

A positive integer $n$ is called Olympic, if there exists a quadratic trinomial with integer coeffecients $f(x)$ satisfying $f(f(\sqrt{n}))=0$. Determine, with proof, the largest Olympic number not exceeding $2015$. A. Khrabrov

5

$ABCDE$ is convex pentagon. $\angle BCA=\angle BEA = \frac{\angle BDA}{2}, \angle BDC =\angle EDA$. Prove, that $\angle DEB=\angle DAC$

6

A sequence of integers is defined as follows: $a_1=1,a_2=2,a_3=3$ and for $n>3$, $$a_n=\textsf{The smallest integer not occurring earlier, which is relatively prime to }a_{n-1}\textsf{ but not relatively prime to }a_{n-2}.$$Prove that every natural number occurs exactly once in this sequence. M. Ivanov

7

There is convex $n-$gon. We color all its sides and also diagonals, that goes out from one vertex. So we have $2n-3$ colored segments. We write positive numbers on colored segments. In one move we can take quadrilateral $ABCD$ such, that $AC$ and all sides are colored, then remove $AC$ and color $BD$ with number $\frac{xz+yt}{w}$, where $x,y,z,t,w$ - numbers on $AB,BC,CD,DA,AC$. After some moves we found that all colored segments are same that was at beginning. Prove, that they have same number that was at beginning.

Grade 9

1

Is there a quadratic trinomial $f(x)$ with integer coefficients such that $f(f(\sqrt{2}))=0$ ? A. Khrabrov

2

$AB=CD,AD \parallel BC$ and $AD>BC$. $\Omega$ is circumcircle of $ABCD$. Point $E$ is on $\Omega$ such that $BE \perp AD$. Prove that $AE+BC>DE$

3

All cells of $2015 \times 2015$ table colored in one of $4$ colors. We count number of ways to place one tetris T-block in table. Prove that T-block has cell of all $4$ colors in less than $51\%$ of total number of ways.

4

Positive numbers $x, y, z$ satisfy the condition $$xy + yz + zx + 2xyz = 1.$$Prove that $4x + y + z \ge 2.$ A. Khrabrov

Same as Grade 11 P4 - 5

6

There are $10^{2015}$ planets in an Intergalactic empire. Every two planets are connected by a two-way space line served by one of $2015$ travel companies. The Emperor would like to close $k$ of these companies such that it is still possible to reach any planet from any other planet. Find the maximum value of $k$ for which this is always possible. (D. Karpov)

Same as Grade 10 P6 - 7