2007 China Western Mathematical Olympiad

Day 1

1

Let set $ T = \{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8\}$. Find the number of all nonempty subsets $ A$ of $ T$ such that $ 3|S(A)$ and $ 5\nmid S(A)$, where $ S(A)$ is the sum of all the elements in $ A$.

2

Let $ C$ and $ D$ be two intersection points of circle $ O_1$ and circle $ O_2$. A line, passing through $ D$, intersects the circle $ O_1$ and the circle $ O_2$ at the points $ A$ and $ B$ respectively. The points $ P$ and $ Q$ are on circles $ O_1$ and $ O_2$ respectively. The lines $ PD$ and $ AC$ intersect at $ H$, and the lines $ QD$ and $ BC$ intersect at $ M$. Suppose that $ O$ is the circumcenter of the triangle $ ABC$. Prove that $ OD\perp MH$ if and only if $ P,Q,M$ and $ H$ are concyclic.

3

Let $ a,b,c$ be real numbers such that $ a+b+c=3$. Prove that \[\frac{1}{5a^2-4a+11}+\frac{1}{5b^2-4b+11}+\frac{1}{5c^2-4c+11}\leq\frac{1}{4}\]

4

Let $ O$ be an interior point of the triangle $ ABC$. Prove that there exist positive integers $ p,q$ and $ r$ such that \[ |p\cdot\overrightarrow{OA} + q\cdot\overrightarrow{OB} + r\cdot\overrightarrow{OC}|<\frac{1}{2007}\]

Day 2

1

Is there a triangle with sides of integer lengths such that the length of the shortest side is $ 2007$ and that the largest angle is twice the smallest?

2

Find all natural numbers $n$ such that there exist $ x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n,y\in\mathbb{Z}$ where $x_1,x_2,\ldots,x_n,y\neq 0$ satisfying: \[x_1 + x_2 + \ldots + x_n = 0\]\[ny^2 = x_1^2 + x_2^2 + \ldots + x_n^2\]

3

Let $ P$ be an interior point of an acute angled triangle $ ABC$. The lines $ AP,BP,CP$ meet $ BC,CA,AB$ at points $ D,E,F$ respectively. Given that triangle $ \triangle DEF$ and $ \triangle ABC$ are similar, prove that $ P$ is the centroid of $ \triangle ABC$.

4

A circular disk is partitioned into $ 2n$ equal sectors by $ n$ straight lines through its center. Then, these $ 2n$ sectors are colored in such a way that exactly $ n$ of the sectors are colored in blue, and the other $ n$ sectors are colored in red. We number the red sectors with numbers from $ 1$ to $ n$ in counter-clockwise direction (starting at some of these red sectors), and then we number the blue sectors with numbers from $ 1$ to $ n$ in clockwise direction (starting at some of these blue sectors). Prove that one can find a half-disk which contains sectors numbered with all the numbers from $ 1$ to $ n$ (in some order). (In other words, prove that one can find $ n$ consecutive sectors which are numbered by all numbers $ 1$, $ 2$, ..., $ n$ in some order.) Problem 8 from CWMO 2007$ n$ white and $ n$ black balls are placed at random on the circumference of a circle.Starting from a certain white ball,number all white balls in a clockwise direction by $ 1,2,\dots,n$. Likewise number all black balls by $ 1,2,\dots,n$ in anti-clockwise direction starting from a certain black ball.Prove that there exists a chain of $ n$ balls whose collection of numbering forms the set $ \{1,2,3\dots,n\}$.