2024 Bulgarian Autumn Math Competition

8.3

Find all positive integers $n$, such that: $$a+b+c \mid a^{2n}+b^{2n}+c^{2n}-n(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2)$$for all pairwise different positive integers $a,b$ and $c$

8.4

Let $n$ be a positive integers. Equilateral triangle with sides of length $n$ is split into equilateral triangles with side lengths $1$, forming a triangular lattice. Call an equilateral triangle with vertices in the lattice "important". Let $p_k$ be the number of unordered pairs of vertices in the lattice which participate in exactly $k$ important triangles. Find (as a function of $n$) (a) $p_0+p_1+p_2$ (b) $p_1+2p_2$

9.2

Let $ABC$ be an acute scalene triangle with altitudes $AE$ $(E \in BC)$ and $BD$ $(D \in AC)$. Point $M$ lies on $AC$, such that $AM = AE$ and $C,A$ and $M$ lie in this order. Point $L$ lies on $BC$, such that $BL=BD$ and $C,B$ and $L$ lie in this order. Let $P$ be the midpoint of $DE$. Prove that $EM,DL$ and the perpendicular from $P$ to $AB$ are concurrent.

9.3,9.4

$9.3$ A natural number is called square-free, if it is not divisible by the square of any prime number. For a natural number $a$, we consider the number $f(a) = a^{a+1} + 1$. Prove that: a) if $a$ is even, then $f(a)$ is not square-free b) there exist infinitely many odd $a$ for which $f(a)$ is not square-free $9.4$ We will call a generalized $2n$-parallelogram a convex polygon with $2n$ sides, so that, traversed consecutively, the $k$th side is parallel and equal to the $(n+k)$th side for $k=1, 2, ... , n$. In a rectangular coordinate system, a generalized parallelogram is given with $50$ vertices, each with integer coordinates. Prove that its area is at least $300$.

10.1

Find all real solutions to the system of equations: $$\begin{cases} (x^2+xy+y^2)\sqrt{x^2+y^2} = 88 \\ (x^2-xy+y^2)\sqrt{x^2+y^2} = 40 \end{cases}$$

10.2

Let $ABC$ be a scalene acute triangle, where $AL$ $(L \in BC)$ is the internal bisector of $\angle BAC$ and $M$ is the midpoint of $BC$. Let the internal bisectors of $\angle AMB$ and $\angle CMA$ intersect $AB$ and $AC$ in $P$ and $Q$, respectively. Prove that the circumcircle of $APQ$ is tangent to $BC$ if and only if $L$ belongs to it.

10.3

Find all polynomials $P$ with integer coefficients, for which there exists a number $N$, such that for every natural number $n \geq N$, all prime divisors of $n+2^{\lfloor \sqrt{n} \rfloor}$ are also divisors of $P(n)$.

10.4

Let $G$ be a complete directed graph with $2024$ vertices and let $k \leq 10^5$ be a positive integer. Angel and Boris play the following game: Angel colors $k$ of the edges in red and puts a pawn in one of the vertices. After that in each move, first Angel moves the pawn to a neighboring vertex and then Boris has to flip one of the non-colored edges. Boris wins if at some point Angel can't make a move. Find, depending on $G$ and $k$, whether or not Boris has a winning strategy.

11.2

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $\angle ABC = 60^{\circ}$. Find the angles of the triangle if $\angle BHI = 60^{\circ}$, where $H$ and $I$ are the orthocenter and incenter of $ABC$

11.3

Let $n\ge 3$ be an integer. Consider $n$ points in the plane, no three lying on the same line, and a squirrel in each one of them. Alex wants to give hazelnuts to the squirrels, so he proceeds as follows: for each convex polygon with vertices among the n points, he identifies the squirrels which lie on its sides or in its interior and gives to each of these squirrels q hazelnuts, where q is their number. At the end of the process, a squirrel with the least number of hazelnuts is called unlucky. Determine the maximum number of hazelnuts an unlucky squirrel can get. (proposed by Cristi Savesku)

11.4

Find the smallest number $n\in\mathbb{N}$, for which there exist distinct positive integers $a_i$, $i=1,2,\dots, n$ such that the expression $$\frac{(a_1+a_2+\dots+a_n)^2-2025}{a_1^2+a_2^2+\dots +a_n^2 } $$is a positive integer. (proposed by Marin Hristov)

12.1

Let $a_0,a_1,a_2 \dots a_n, \dots$ be an infinite sequence of real numbers, defined by $$a_0 = c$$$$a_{n+1} = {a_n}^2+\frac{a_n}{2}+c$$for some real $c > 0$. Find all values of $c$ for which the sequence converges and the limit for those values.

12.2

Let $ABC$ be a triangle and let $X$ be a point in its interior. Point $S_A$ is the midpoint of arc $BC$ containing $X$ of the circumcircle of $BCX$. $S_B$ and $S_C$ are defined similarly. Prove that $S_A,S_B,S_C$ and $X$ are concyclic.

12.3

Let $n \geq 2$ be a positive integer. If $m$ is a positive integer, for which all of its positive divisors can be split into $n$ disjoint sets of equal sum, prove that $m \geq 2^{n+1}-2$

12.4

Let $L$ be a figure made of $3$ squares, a right isosceles triangle and a quarter circle (all unit sized) as shown below: Prove that any $18$ points in the plane can be covered with copies of $L$, which don't overlap (copies of $L$ may be rotated or flipped)