2009 Danube Mathematical Competition

1

Let be $\triangle ABC$ .Let $A'$, $B'$, $C'$ be the foot of perpendiculars from $A$, $B$ and $C$ respectively. The points $E$ and $F$ are on the sides $CB'$ and $BC'$ respectively, such that $B'E\cdot C'F = BF\cdot CE$. Show that $AEA'F$ is cyclic.

2

Prove that all the positive integer numbers , except for the powers of $2$, can be written as the sum of (at least two) consecutive natural numbers .

3

Let $n$ be a natural number. Determine the minimal number of equilateral triangles of side $1$ to cover the surface of an equilateral triangle of side $n +\frac{1}{2n}$.

4

Let be $ a,b,c $ positive integers.Prove that $ |a-b\sqrt{c}|<\frac{1}{2b} $ is true if and only if $ |a^{2}-b^{2}c|<\sqrt{c} $.

5

Let $\sigma, \tau$ be two permutations of the quantity $\{1, 2,. . . , n\}$. Prove that there is a function $f: \{1, 2,. . . , n\} \to \{-1, 1\}$ such that for any $1 \le i \le j \le n$, we have $\left|\sum_{k=i}^{j} f(\sigma (k)) \right| \le 2$ and $\left|\sum_{k=i}^{j} f(\tau (k))\right| \le 2$