Let $P$ be a point in the interior of the acute-angled triangle $ABC$. Prove that if the reflections of $P$ with respect to the sides of the triangle lie on the circumcircle of the triangle, then $P$ is the orthocenter of $ABC$.

a) Find : $A=\{(a,b,c) \in \mathbb{R}^{3} | a+b+c=3 , (6a+b^2+c^2)(6b+c^2+a^2)(6c+a^2+b^2) \neq 0\}$ b) Prove that for any $(a,b,c) \in A$ next inequality hold : \begin{align*} \frac{a}{6a+b^2+c^2}+\frac{b}{6b+c^2+a^2}+\frac{c}{6c+a^2+b^2} \le \frac{3}{8} \end{align*}

Determine the integers $x$ and $y$ for which $\sqrt{4^x + 5^y}$ is rational.

Two right isosceles triangles of legs equal to $1$ are glued together to form either an isosceles triangle - called t-shape - of leg $\sqrt2$, or a parallelogram - called p-shape - of sides $1$ and $\sqrt2$. Find all integers $m$ and $n, m, n \ge 2$, such that a rectangle $m \times n$ can be tilled with t-shapes and p-shapes.

Given an acute triangle ${ABC}$, erect triangles ${ABD}$ and ${ACE}$ externally, so that ${\angle ADB= \angle AEC=90^o}$ and ${\angle BAD= \angle CAE}$. Let ${{A}_{1}}\in BC,{{B}_{1}}\in AC$ and ${{C}_{1}}\in AB$ be the feet of the altitudes of the triangle ${ABC}$, and let $K$ and ${K,L}$ be the midpoints of $[ B{{C}_{1}} ]$ and ${BC_1, CB_1}$, respectively. Prove that the circumcenters of the triangles $AKL,{{A}_{1}}{{B}_{1}}{{C}_{1}}$ and ${DEA_1}$ are collinear. (Bulgaria)

Determine the integers $x$ such that $2^x + x^2 + 25$ is the cube of a prime number

Determine the smallest positive integer $n$ such that, for any coloring of the elements of the set $\{2,3,...,n\}$ with two colors, the equation $x + y = z$ has a monochrome solution with $x \ne y$. (We say that the equation $x + y = z$ has a monochrome solution if there exist $a, b, c$ distinct, having the same color, such that $a + b = c$.)

Let $a, b, c, d$ be non-negative real numbers satisfying $a + b + c + d = 3$. Prove that $$\frac{a}{1 + 2b^3} + \frac{b}{1 + 2c^3} +\frac{c}{1 + 2d^3} +\frac{d}{1 + 2a^3} \ge \frac{a^2 + b^2 + c^2 + d^2}{3}$$When does the equality hold?

Let $n$ and $k$ be two positive integers such that $1\leq n \leq k$. Prove that, if $d^k+k$ is a prime number for each positive divisor $d$ of $n$, then $n+k$ is a prime number.

Given $x_1,x_2,...,x_n$ real numbers, prove that there exists a real number $y$, such that, $$\{y-x_1\}+\{y-x_2\}+...+\{y-x_n\} \leq \frac{n-1}{2}$$

Let $I$ be the incenter of the scalene $\Delta ABC$, such, $AB<AC$, and let $I'$ be the reflection of point $I$ in line $BC$. The angle bisector $AI$ meets $BC$ at $D$ and circumcircle of $\Delta ABC$ at $E$. The line $EI'$ meets the circumcircle at $F$. Prove, that, $\text{(i) } \frac{AI}{IE}=\frac{ID}{DE}$ $\text{(ii) } IA=IF$

The sides of an equilateral triangle are divided into n equal parts by $n-1$ points on each side. Through these points one draws parallel lines to the sides of the triangle. Thus, the initial triangle is divides into $n^2$ equal equilateral triangles. In every vertex of such a triangle there is a beetle. The beetles start crawling simultaneously, with equal speed, along the sides of the small triangles. When they reach a vertex, the beetles change the direction of their movement by $60^{\circ}$ or by $120^{\circ}$ . a) Prove that, if $n \geq 7$, the beetles can move indefinitely on the sides of the small triangles without two beetles ever meeting in a vertex of a small triangle. b) Determine all the values of $n \geq 1$ for which the beetles can move along the sides of the small triangles without meeting in their vertices.

Alina and Bogdan play a game on a $2\times n$ rectangular grid ($n\ge 2$) whose sides of length $2$ are glued together to form a cylinder. Alternating moves, each player cuts out a unit square of the grid. A player loses if his/her move causes the grid to lose circular connection (two unit squares that only touch at a corner are considered to be disconnected). Suppose Alina makes the first move. Which player has a winning strategy?

Let $n$ be a positive integer. For each of the numbers $1, 2,.., n$ we compute the difference between the number of its odd positive divisors and its even positive divisors. Prove that the sum of these differences is at least $0$ and at most $n$.

Prove that if $a,b,c, d \in [1,2]$, then $$\frac{a + b}{b + c}+\frac{c + d}{d + a}\le 4 \frac{a + c}{b + d}$$When does the equality hold?

Let $ABC$ be a right triangle, with the right angle at $A$. The altitude from $A$ meets $BC$ at $H$ and $M$ is the midpoint of the hypotenuse $[BC]$. On the legs, in the exterior of the triangle, equilateral triangles $BAP$ and $ACQ$ are constructed. If $N$ is the intersection point of the lines $AM$ and $PQ$, prove that the angles $\angle NHP$ and $\angle AHQ$ are equal. Miguel Ochoa Sanchez and Leonard Giugiuc

If $a, b, c \in [-1, 1]$ satisfy $a + b + c + abc = 0$, prove that $a^2 + b^2 + c^2 \ge 3(a + b + c)$ . When does the equality hold?

Let $A$ be a point outside the circle $\omega$ . The tangents from $A$ touch the circle at $B$ and $C$. Let $P$ be an arbitrary point on extension of $AC$ towards $C$, $Q$ the projection of $C$ onto $PB$ and $E$ the second intersection point of the circumcircle of $ABP$ with the circle $\omega$ . Prove that $\angle PEQ = 2\angle APB$

Let $n \ge 2$ be a positive integer. Prove that the following assertions are equivalent: a) for all integer $x$ coprime with n the congruence $x^6 \equiv 1$ (mod $n$) hold, b) $n$ divides $504$.

Consider an $m\times n$ board where $m, n \ge 3$ are positive integers, divided into unit squares. Initially all the squares are white. What is the minimum number of squares that need to be painted red such that each $3\times 3$ square contains at least two red squares? Andrei Eckstein and Alexandru Mihalcu