Let $n$ be a positive integer and let $x_1$, $\ldots$, $x_n$ be positive real numbers. Show that: \[ \min\left ( x_1,\frac{1}{x_1}+x_2, \cdots,\frac{1}{x_{n-1}}+x_n,\frac{1}{x_n} \right )\leq 2\cos \frac{\pi}{n+2} \leq\max\left ( x_1,\frac{1}{x_1}+x_2, \cdots,\frac{1}{x_{n-1}}+x_n,\frac{1}{x_n} \right ). \]
Problem
Source: Romania TST 2013 Day 5 Problem 1
Tags: inequalities, trigonometry, inequalities unsolved
07.04.2015 05:38
Does anybody have any idea as how to proceed?
08.04.2015 14:25
if $n=3$, we get $min\ge max$
08.04.2015 14:30
This actually does not occur due to the n+2 in the denominator.
09.04.2015 05:29
mssmath wrote: This actually does not occur due to the n+2 in the denominator. he edited, but the main problem is that $ n\rightarrow \infty \Rightarrow \text{min}\ge2\ \text{max}$
14.04.2015 05:22
To respond to this maybe the problem is with the max an min reversed.
24.04.2015 19:27
I've edited the problem . The inequality sign was flipped.Sorry about that.
24.04.2015 19:39
$ \min\left ( x_1,\frac{1}{x_1}+x_2, \cdots,\frac{1}{x_{n-1}}+x_n,\frac{1}{x_n} \right )\leq 2\cos \frac{\pi}{n+2} \le \max\left ( x_1,\frac{1}{x_1}+x_2, \cdots,\frac{1}{x_{n-1}}+x_n,\frac{1}{x_n} \right ). $ this is the correct statement,checked with the RMC book. Now,let's solve the correct version. We assume that $\min\left ( x_1,\frac{1}{x_1}+x_2, \cdots,\frac{1}{x_{n-1}}+x_n,\frac{1}{x_n} \right )> 2\cos a$ ,where $a=\frac{\pi}{n+2}.$ Now,we can inductively prove that $x_i>\frac{\sin (i+1)a}{\sin ia}$;the case $i=1$ is immediate,while the inequality for $i+1$ can be derived from the one for $i$ by means of $x_{i+1}+\frac{1}{x_i}>2\cos a$ by standard trig manipulations. However,for $i=n$ this implies that $x_n>\frac{\sin (n+1)a}{\sin na}=\frac{\sin a}{\sin 2a}=\frac{1}{2\cos a}$,which contradicts $\frac{1}{x_n}>2\cos a$,thus ending the proof. The other inequality is treated in the same way.