$1390$ ants are placed near a line, such that the distance between their heads and the line is less than $1\text{cm}$ and the distance between the heads of two ants is always larger than $2\text{cm}$. Show that there is at least one pair of ants such that the distance between their heads is at least $10$ meters (consider the head of an ant as point).
Problem
Source: Argentina Cono Sur TST 2013, Problem 3
Tags: analytic geometry, geometry, rectangle, inequalities, Pythagorean Theorem, combinatorics proposed, combinatorics
vinayak-kumar
26.09.2014 10:23
Let this "line" be the $x$ axis, and let the heads of the $1390$ ants be labeled $A_1, A_2,..., A_{1390}$. Now let the coordinates of $A_n=(x_n,y_n)$ and WLOG, let $x_i\le x_j$ if $i\le j$. Since the heads of $2$ ants are always larger than $2\text{cm}$, the circles with radius $1$ and centers $A_i$ must be disjoint. Also, since the ants can't deviate at least $1\text{cm}$ away from the line, all the circles will be contained in the rectangle with height $2+1+1=4$ and width $x_{1390}-x_1+2$.
Since the circles are disjoint and are contained in the rectangle mentioned above, we can make the following inequality using area:
\[1390\pi\le 4(x_{1390}-x_1+2)\]
\[x_{1390}-x_{1}\ge \frac{1390\pi}4-2>\frac{1390(3)}4-2=1042.5-2>1000\text{cm}=10\text{m} \]
Thus $x_{1390}-x_{1}>10\text{m}$. By the Pythagorean Theorem, $A_{1390}A_1=\sqrt{(x_{1390}-x_{1})^2+(y_{1390}-y{1})^2}\geq x_{1390}-x_{1}>10\text{m}$. Therefore we have shown $A_{1390}A_1$ is greater than $10\text{m}$. $\blacksquare$
TheOverlord
28.09.2014 08:27
See here: http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/Forum/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=404277& Why did they put 1390 ? In Iran it was because Solar Hejri calender (it was year 1390 at that time in iranian calender.)
mavropnevma
28.09.2014 10:01
Why they put 1390? (which as can be seen is itself blatantly weak); plainly because they (shamelessly, with no credit given) borrowed the problem as such from the Iranian competition.