Three points inside a rectangle determine a triangle. A fourth point is taken inside the triangle. Prove that at least one of the three concave quadrilaterals formed by these four points has perimeter lesser than that of the rectangle. (Dan Schwarz)
Problem
Source: Stars of Mathematics 2013 - Juniors - Problem 2
Tags: geometry, rectangle
GGPiku
30.11.2017 23:09
Draw lines, parallel to the sides of the given rectangle, through the vertices of the triangle and consider the least rectangle $ABCD$ thus formed which still contains the triangle. In the general case, one vertex of the triangle is situated at $A$, while the other two are, say $X$ on the side $BC$ and $Y$ on the side $DC$ (with the possibility that they are even situated at $B, C$ or $D$). The fourth point $Z$ is inside $\triangle AXY$ . Denote by $X'$ the point on side $AD$ such that $XX'\parallel AB$ and by $Y'$ the point on side $AB$ such that $YY'\parallel AD$. Also denote by $O$ the meeting point of $XX'$ and $YY'$. The(some of them possibly degenerated)triangles $AXX',AYY',XOY$ together cover the triangle $AXY$ . Say $Z$ lies in $\triangle XOY$ ; then its symmetric $Z'$ with respect to the midpoint of $XY$ is contained in the rectangle $ABCD$. But the quadrilateral $AXZ'Y$ is convex, and also contained in the rectangle $ABCD$, thus by a well-known property of plane convex bodies, its perimeter is less than that of $ABCD$, in turn less thanthat of the original rectangle. Since $ZX = Z'Y$ and $ZY = Z'X$, the perimeter of $AXZY$ is equal to that of $AXZ'Y$ , and we are done. The other cases, when $Z$ lies in $\triangle AXX'$ or $\triangle AYY'$ (or both), are treated in a completely similar way.
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