Seventeen football fans were planning to go to Korea to watch the World Cup football match. They selected 17 matches. The conditions of the admission tickets they booked were such that - One person should book at most one admission ticket for one match; - At most one match was same in the tickets booked by every two persons; - There was one person who booked six tickets. How many tickets did those football fans book at most?
Problem
Source: China Team Selection Test 2002, Day 1, Problem 3
Tags: inequalities, combinatorics unsolved, combinatorics
17.09.2007 22:56
Let $ F_{1},...,F_{17}$ be fans. Each of them visit some match $ M_{1},...,M_{17}$ and say $ F_{1}$ visit 6 match's. Since every two visit at most 1 match in comon, we have \[ \sum_{i=1}^{17}{f_{i}\choose 2}\leq{17\choose 2}\] where $ f_{i}$ means number of games $ F_{i}$ visit. We are interested in maximum value of $ n =\sum_{i = 1}^{17}f_{i}$. By Jensen inequality we have: \[ {{1\over 16}(n-6)^{2}-(n-6)\over 2}\leq{17\choose 2}-{6\choose 2}\] So $ n\leq 76$. Now I can't find nor configuration for $ n = 76$ nor better uper bound.
21.09.2007 03:37
I have a little improvement. Let $ F_{1}$ visit $ M_{1},...,M_{6}$. Then for all $ F_{i}' = F_{i}\setminus F_{1}$, $ i > 1$ condition: At most one match was same in the tickets booked by every two persons; is still valid. So we have now: \[ \sum_{i=2}^{17}{f_{i}'\choose 2}\leq{11\choose 2}\] beacuse all other games $ F_{i}'$ visit are at most in a set $ \{M_{7},...M_{17}\}$. Let $ n' =\sum_{i = 2}^{17}f_{i}'$. Then like before, applying Jensen, we get $ n'\leq 50$. This means: $ n\leq n'+16+6\leq 72$. Now i have configuration for $ n = 69$: $ F_{1}: 1,2,3,4,5,6$ $ F_{2}: 1,7,8,9,10$ $ F_{3}: 1,11,12,13,14$ $ F_{4}: 1,15,16,17$ $ F_{5}: 2,7,11,15$ $ F_{6}: 2,8,12,16$ $ F_{7}: 2,9,13,17$ $ F_{8}: 3,10,14,15$ $ F_{9}: 3,7,16$ $ F_{10}: 3,8,11,17$ $ F_{11}: 4,8,13,15$ $ F_{12}: 4,10,11,16$ $ F_{13}: 4,7,12,17$ $ F_{14}: 5,9,14,16$ $ F_{15}: 5,10,17$ $ F_{16}: 6,10,13$ $ F_{17}: 6,9,12,15$ Can somebody find something better?
21.09.2007 09:23
Number1 wrote: Can somebody find something better? $ 71$ is best possible. Here's a configuration for 71: $ 1,2,3,4,5,6$ $ 1,7,11,15$ $ 1,8,12,16$ $ 1,9,13,17$ $ 2,10,14,16$ $ 2,8,13,15$ $ 3,9,14,15$ $ 3,10,11,17$ $ 4,8,14,17$ $ 4,9,11,16$ $ 4,10,12,15$ $ 5,7,14$ $ 5,15,16,17$ $ 6,7,8,9,10$ $ 6,11,12,13,14$ The missing pairs are $ (8,11),(9,12)$, and $ (10,13)$. A proof that we can't get $ 72$: Using Number1's notation, the only ways $ 72$ is possible are if $ f_{i}'=4$ for two $ i$, and $ f_{i}'=3$ for all other $ i$, or if $ f_{i}'=4$ for three $ i$, $ f_{i}'=2$ for one $ i$, and $ f_{i}'=3$ for all other $ i$. Suppose we have such a configuration. WLOG, order the fans so that the $ f_{i}'$ are in nonincreasing order. Case 1 ($ 4\cdot 2+3\cdot 14$): Now, for each $ j\in\{7,8,\cdots,17\}$, let $ a_{j}$ be the number of fans attending match $ j$. We have $ a_{j}\le 5$ for each $ j$, since each fan attending match $ j$ attends at least two other matches from the $ 11$, and these do not overlap. In addition, if $ a_{j}=5$, match $ j$ was not attended by fans $ 2$ or $ 3$; with ten matches to spread among five fans, we can't afford to put three matches with one fan. Since $ \sum_{j=7}^{17}a_{j}=50$, at least six of the $ a_{j}$ are equal to $ 5$. The two fans with $ f_{i}'=4$ cover at least seven matches between them, leaving only four other $ j$ that can possibly have $ a_{j}=5$. This is a contradiction, and this configuration is impossible. Case 2 ($ 4\cdot 3+3\cdot 12+2\cdot 1$): Define $ a_{j}$ as before. With only one fan that doesn't attend at least three of the $ 11$ matches, we still have $ a_{j}\le 5$ everywhere, and thus at least six of the $ a_{j}$ are equal to $ 5$. The only ways $ a_{j}$ can be $ 5$: either match $ j$ was attended by none of the fans $ 2,3,4$ or match $ j$ was attended by one of those fans and also by fan $ 17$. There are at most two matches in the first category (at least $ 4\cdot 3-3=9$ matches covered by $ 2,3,4$) and at most two in the second (everything fan $ 17$ attended), for a total of four. This is a contradiction, and this configuration is also impossible. [Edit- proof of maximality added]
26.09.2007 23:19
I made a mistake in the example- here's a fixed version: $ 1,2,3,4,5,6$ $ 1,7,8,9,10$ $ 1,11,12,13,14$ $ 1,15,16,17$ $ 2,7,11,15$ $ 2,8,12,16$ $ 2,9,13,17$ $ 3,10,14,16$ $ 3,7,12,17$ $ 3,8,13,15$ $ 4,9,14,15$ $ 4,10,11,17$ $ 4,7,13,16$ $ 5,8,14,17$ $ 5,9,11,16$ $ 5,10,12,15$ $ 6,7,14$
09.08.2018 18:21
jmerry wrote: Number1 wrote: Can somebody find something better? $ 71$ is best possible. Here's a configuration for 71: $ 1,2,3,4,5,6$ $ 1,7,11,15$ $ 1,8,12,16$ $ 1,9,13,17$ $ 2,10,14,16$ $ 2,8,13,15$ $ 3,9,14,15$ $ 3,10,11,17$ $ 4,8,14,17$ $ 4,9,11,16$ $ 4,10,12,15$ $ 5,7,14$ $ 5,15,16,17$ $ 6,7,8,9,10$ $ 6,11,12,13,14$ The missing pairs are $ (8,11),(9,12)$, and $ (10,13)$. A proof that we can't get $ 72$: Using Number1's notation, the only ways $ 72$ is possible are if $ f_{i}'=4$ for two $ i$, and $ f_{i}'=3$ for all other $ i$, or if $ f_{i}'=4$ for three $ i$, $ f_{i}'=2$ for one $ i$, and $ f_{i}'=3$ for all other $ i$. Suppose we have such a configuration. WLOG, order the fans so that the $ f_{i}'$ are in nonincreasing order. Case 1 ($ 4\cdot 2+3\cdot 14$): Now, for each $ j\in\{7,8,\cdots,17\}$, let $ a_{j}$ be the number of fans attending match $ j$. We have $ a_{j}\le 5$ for each $ j$, since each fan attending match $ j$ attends at least two other matches from the $ 11$, and these do not overlap. In addition, if $ a_{j}=5$, match $ j$ was not attended by fans $ 2$ or $ 3$; with ten matches to spread among five fans, we can't afford to put three matches with one fan. Since $ \sum_{j=7}^{17}a_{j}=50$, at least six of the $ a_{j}$ are equal to $ 5$. The two fans with $ f_{i}'=4$ cover at least seven matches between them, leaving only four other $ j$ that can possibly have $ a_{j}=5$. This is a contradiction, and this configuration is impossible. Case 2 ($ 4\cdot 3+3\cdot 12+2\cdot 1$): Define $ a_{j}$ as before. With only one fan that doesn't attend at least three of the $ 11$ matches, we still have $ a_{j}\le 5$ everywhere, and thus at least six of the $ a_{j}$ are equal to $ 5$. The only ways $ a_{j}$ can be $ 5$: either match $ j$ was attended by none of the fans $ 2,3,4$ or match $ j$ was attended by one of those fans and also by fan $ 17$. There are at most two matches in the first category (at least $ 4\cdot 3-3=9$ matches covered by $ 2,3,4$) and at most two in the second (everything fan $ 17$ attended), for a total of four. This is a contradiction, and this configuration is also impossible. [Edit- proof of maximality added] Why there cant be one 5 and rest 3-s?
31.10.2018 23:25
Seventeen matches. If one match is attended by five and the rest by three each, that's a total of $5+3\cdot 16=53$ tickets. Possible, but nowhere close to the maximum we're looking for.
09.03.2024 03:49
I had the same construction as jmerry but using different cases: Fill in the six games that person $17$ went to last. In total at most $22$ tickets can be bought for these games. If the most popular game was visited by $>6$ people then you can use simple bounding If the most popular game was visited by $6$ people then we get the construction above. If the most popular game was visited by $5$ people you get that at most $6$ games can be visited by five people by breaking up into the following cases for $3$ games visited by five people:
After working systematically with these cases you get at most $70<71$ tickets sold in total. So the answer is $71$. *This type of question was very popular from 2000-2003 similar to USAMO 2001 P1 and IMO 2001 P3. The only difference is that this question required a very long BASH.