Let $\gamma$ be a circle and $l$ a line in its plane. Let $K$ be a point on $l$, located outside of $\gamma$. Let $KA$ and $KB$ be the tangents from $K$ to $\gamma$, where $A$ and $B$ are distinct points on $\gamma$. Let $P$ and $Q$ be two points on $\gamma$. Lines $PA$ and $PB$ intersect line $l$ in two points $R$ and respectively $S$. Lines $QR$ and $QS$ intersect the second time circle $\gamma$ in points $C$ and $D$. Prove that the tangents from $C$ and $D$ to $\gamma$ are concurrent on line $l$.
Problem
Source: Romania TST 3 2012, Problem 2
Tags: projective geometry, geometry proposed, geometry
11.05.2012 21:55
I think that this is a classic one. From Pascal's theorem the intersection $M$ of $AC$ and $BD$ lies on the same line with $R,S$ so $M\in l$ Again by Pascal on degenerate $AACBBD$ we get that the intersection $L$ of $CB,AD$ lies on $l$. Finally by Pascal on degenerate $CCADDB$ we get that the intersection of the tangents at points $C,D$ lies on $l$ and we are done.
11.05.2012 22:04
First, note that Pascal's theorem applied for $DAPBCQ$ yields $DA \cap BC \in \ell$. Furthermore, Pascal's theorem for $DBBCAA$ gives the collinearity of $DB \cap CA$, $K$ and $BC \cap AD$, thus $DB \cap CA$ lies on $\ell$ from the first Pascal. Finally, the same Pascal, applied this time for $DDACCB$ yields $CC \cap DD \in \ell$, as $\ell$ is the line determined by $DA \cap CB$ and $AC \cap BD$. //didn't see silouan's post; other mods, do delete if you find this useless. EDIT: Haha, ok, something to make up a little for the vacuous content. Here's a nice and easy generalization. Generalization. Let $\Gamma$ be a circle and $\ell$ a line lying outside $\Gamma$. Let $K \in \ell$ and let $AB$ and $CD$ be two chords of $\Gamma$ passing through $K$. Take $P$, $Q$ two points on $\Gamma$. Let $PA$, $PB$, $PC$, $PD$ meet $\ell$ at $X$, $Y$, $Z$, $T$, respectively, and then let $QX$, $QY$, $QZ$, $QT$ meet again $\Gamma$ at $R$, $S$, $U$, $V$. Then $RS$ and $UV$ meet on $\ell$. //didn't draw the diagram, so apologies if the conclusion should be reversed with the concurrency of the other pair of opposite sides; Pascal seems right though!
11.05.2012 22:17
Funny problem, eh? Next time maybe, a problem where applying seven times Desargues theorem, on some special or degenerate cases (like parallelism, or other points at infinity) will yield some otherwise ridiculously complicated statement.
05.06.2012 13:36
After we see that AD and BC meet on l, we easily get that l is the polar of X, where X is the intersection of AB and CD. By La Hire's theorem, the pole of CD must lie on l and we are done
26.01.2015 08:21
Applying Pascal's theorem with $APBCQD$ we see that $BC \cap AD=Z \in l$.Let $AB \cap CD=J$.Then the polar of $K$ passes through $J \implies$ the polar of $J$ passes through $K$.Also by Brocard's theorem the polar of $J$ passes through $Z$.Thus the polar of $J$ is precisely $l$.In other words the tangents at $C$ and $D$ meet on $l$. Solution to Cosmin's generalization: Pascal's theorem on $UQRCPA \implies AU \cap RC \in l$ Pascal's theorem on $BPDSVQ \implies DS \cap BV \in l$ Pascal's theorem on $BRCDUA \implies BR \cap UD \in l$ Pascal's theorem on $SRBVUD \implies RS \cap UV \in l$ Nice generalization,Cosmin
27.09.2018 22:52
sayantanchakraborty wrote: Solution to Cosmin's generalization: Pascal's theorem on $UQRCPA \implies AU \cap RC \in l$ Pascal's theorem on $BPDSVQ \implies DS \cap BV \in l$ Pascal's theorem on $BRCDUA \implies BR \cap UD \in l$ Pascal's theorem on $SRBVUD \implies RS \cap UV \in l$ Nice generalization,Cosmin My solution is the same so I share my diagram: There are many intersections on $\ell$ amazing problem!
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21.06.2020 18:32
Drytime wrote: Let $\gamma$ be a circle and $l$ a line in its plane. Let $K$ be a point on $l$, located outside of $\gamma$. Let $KA$ and $KB$ be the tangents from $K$ to $\gamma$, where $A$ and $B$ are distinct points on $\gamma$. Let $P$ and $Q$ be two points on $\gamma$. Lines $PA$ and $PB$ intersect line $l$ in two points $R$ and respectively $S$. Lines $QR$ and $QS$ intersect the second time circle $\gamma$ in points $C$ and $D$. Prove that the tangents from $C$ and $D$ to $\gamma$ are concurrent on line $l$. Note that $\boxed{AA \cap BB = K}-(1)$, $\boxed{PA \cap QC = R}-(2)$ and $\boxed{PB \cap DQ = S}-(3)$ and let $\boxed{CC \cap DD = X}-(4)$. Now keeping in mind the pattern of intersections of the lines, in the $2^{\text{nd}}$ and the $3^\text{rd}$ box, we consider the hexagon $BPADQC$ and apply Pascal's theorem to it; on doing so we get the intersections: $PA \cap QC = R$, $\boxed{AD \cap CB = V}-(5)$(we may say) and $PB \cap DQ = S$ to be collinear. Hence $R, S, V$ are collinear and as, $\overline{RS} \equiv l \implies V$ lies on $l$. Now again after observing the pattern of intersections, of the lines in the $1^{\text{st}}$ and $5^{\text{th}}$ box, we consider the hexagon $AACBBD$ and again apply Pascal's theorem to get the intersections: $AA \cap BB = K, \boxed{AC \cap BD = U}-(6)$(we may say) and $CB \cap DA = V$ to be collinear. Hence $U, V, K$ are collinear and as $\overline{VK} \equiv l \implies U$ lies on $l$. Now for the last time we apply Pascal's theorem (as usual after observing the pattern of intersections, in the $5^{\text{th}}$ and the $6^{\text{th}}$ box) to the hexagon $ACCBDD$; on doing so, we get the intersections: $AC \cap BD = U, CC \cap DD = X$ and $CB \cap DA = V$ to be collinear. So, $U, V, X$ are collinear and again as $\overline{UV} \equiv l \implies X$ lies on $l$ and thus the tangents from $C$ and $D$ to $\gamma$ are concurrent on line $l$. $\blacksquare$
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11.08.2021 05:56
It's Really Trivial... Let $K$= $ CC \cap DD$ , now as $AB \cap CD$ lies on $CD$ , which is polar of $K$ , so by La-Hire's $K$ lies on polar of $AB \cap CD$ which is $l$ by Brokard's Theorem.