Problem

Source: Tournament of Towns 2007 - Fall - Senior O-Level - P2

Tags: combinatorics unsolved, combinatorics



Initially, the number $1$ and two positive numbers $x$ and $y$ are written on a blackboard. In each step, we can choose two numbers on the blackboard, not necessarily different, and write their sum or their difference on the blackboard. We can also choose a non-zero number of the blackboard and write its reciprocal on the blackboard. Is it possible to write on the blackboard, in a finite number of moves, the number a) $x^2$; b) $xy$?