Let $n$ be a natural number greater than 6. $X$ is a set such that $|X| = n$. $A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_m$ are distinct 5-element subsets of $X$. If $m > \frac{n(n - 1)(n - 2)(n - 3)(4n - 15)}{600}$, prove that there exists $A_{i_1}, A_{i_2}, \ldots, A_{i_6}$ $(1 \leq i_1 < i_2 < \cdots, i_6 \leq m)$, such that $\bigcup_{k = 1}^6 A_{i_k} = 6$.
Problem
Source: China TST 1997, problem 5
Tags: combinatorics unsolved, combinatorics
24.05.2005 18:20
Ok here we go, Use the following double counting to stablish some lemmas. Call $m_k$ partial bound for the max number of subsets such that we cant find six $A_i$ with the desired property. First, count the number of sets of $6$ elements such that $5$ of them belong to one $A_i$, using this for $n=7$, we get that for $n=7$, $5{\binom{7}{6}}> 2m$, so we get $m_7=17$. Now counting the number of $7$ elements set, such that $5$ of them belong to an $A_i$, for $n=8$, we get $m_8=45$, and Finally for the other $n$, counting the number of $8$ element sets, $5$ of them in an $A_i$, we get a better bound that the desired one.
08.05.2007 13:58
I really dont understand the solution Could someone explain more please.
02.10.2024 23:06
Who can write a clearly solution?
04.10.2024 21:25
Good people, pls !What is the official solution for this interesting problem?
09.10.2024 23:54
Anyone?....
10.10.2024 04:31
I don't believe the first solution works and here's a rewrite of what they meant. Define a six perfect set as such a set of $A_{i_1}, \dots, A_{i_6}$. Claim: Let $m_k$ be the maximal value of $m$ for $n = k \ge 6$ that such no six perfect set is present and let $n > k$. Then \[ \binom{n-5}{k-5} \cdot m_n \le m_k \cdot \binom{n}{k} \]Proof: Consider the bipartite graph from the $5$-tuples $A_1, \dots, A_m$ to the set of $k$-tuples $B_1, B_2, \dots$ where we connect $A_i$ to $B_j$ if $A_i \subset B_j$. Then for any $k$-tuple $B_j$, its degree must be at most $m_k$ else a six perfect set occurs in it. Then we just multiply by the degree of each $5$-tuple. This condition simplifies as saying that for $n \ge k$ \[ \frac{m_n}{n(n-1)(n-2)(n-3)(n-4) } \le \frac{m_k}{k(k-1)(k-2)(k-3)(k-4)}. \]Then we always want to consider $k = n-1$ as to maximize the strength of our bound because $m_k$ is integral, which makes this $m_n \le \frac{m_{n-1} \cdot n}{n-5}.$ Since $m_6 = 5$, we get that $m_7 = 17, m_8 = 45$.
12.10.2024 23:06
Does exist a combinatorial solution,without the graphs theory?
17.10.2024 11:26
Please....Is possible any solution without the graphs theory?Thx in advance
19.10.2024 23:53
Bump.....
23.10.2024 11:48
This is problem from《A Path to combinatorics for undergraduates》by Titu Andreescu, Zuming Feng. See exercise $7. 13$.
23.10.2024 23:52
Thanks.....