Problem

Source: BMO SL 2023 C4

Tags: combinatorics



Once upon a time there are $n$ pairs of princes and princesses who are in love with each other. One day a witch comes along and turns all the princes into frogs; the frogs can be distinguished by sight but the princesses cannot tell which frog corresponds to which prince. The witch tells the princesses that if any of them kisses the frog that corresponds to the prince very that she loves then that frog will immediately transform back into a prince. If each princess can stand kissing at most $k$ frogs, what is the maximum number of princes they can be sure to save? (The princesses may take turns kissing in any order, communicate with each other and vary their strategy for future kisses depending on information gained from past kisses.)