Problem

Source: 2023 China South East Mathematical Olympiad Grade 11 P6 CSMO

Tags: algebra, polynomial



Let $R[x]$ be the whole set of real coefficient polynomials, and define the mapping $T: R[x] \to R[x]$ as follows: For $$f (x) = a_nx^{n} + a_{n-1}x^{n- 1} +...+ a_1x + a_0,$$let $$T(f(x))=a_{n}x^{n+1} + a_{n-1}x^{n} + (a_n+a_{n-2})x^{n-1 } + (a_{n-1}+a_{n-3})x^{n-2}+...+(a_2+a_0)x+a_1.$$Assume $P_0(x)= 1$, $P_n(x) = T(P_{n-1}(x))$ ( $n=1,2,...$), find the constant term of $P_n(x)$.