A triangle $ABC$, its circumcircle, and its incenter $I$ are drawn on the plane. Construct the circumcenter of $ABC$ using only a ruler.
Problem
Source: Sharygin Correspondence Round 2024 P19
Tags: geometry, circumcircle, incenter
06.03.2024 18:54
Look at picture. I show how to construct midpoints both of arcs $AC$ in $(ABC)$.
Attachments:

06.03.2024 19:01
Solution 1(Config ): Extend $AI,BI.CI$ to $M_A,M_B,M_C$, so the same problem with orthocenter Rephrased problem wrote: Given a triangle ABC, its circumcircle with orthocenter $H$, construct its circumcenter Let the foot of altitudes be $D,E,F$ then we can draw the antipode of $A$ by first constructing $EF \cap BC = X_A$ then $AX_A \cap (ABC) = Y_A$ and $Y_AH \cap (ABC)$, we can draw midpoint of $BC$ by $HY_A \cap BC$ , we can also construct the intersection of symmedian with circumcircle by $X_AH' \cap (ABC)=K$ then draw $L$ s.t. $AL \parallel BC$ by $KM \cap (ABC)$. $O = H'L \cap AA'$
06.03.2024 19:04
math_comb01 wrote: Solution 1: Trivial by Poncelet Steiner Solution 2(Config ): Extend $AI,BI.CI$ to $M_A,M_B,M_C$, so the same problem with orthocenter Rephrased problem wrote: Given a triangle ABC, its circumcircle with orthocenter $H$, construct its circumcenter Let the foot of altitudes be $D,E,F$ then we can draw the antipode of $A$ by first constructing $EF \cap BC = X_A$ then $AX_A \cap (ABC) = Y_A$ and $Y_AH \cap (ABC)$, we can draw midpoint of $BC$ by $HY_A \cap BC$ , we can also construct the intersection of symmedian with circumcircle by $X_AH' \cap (ABC)=K$ then draw $L$ s.t. $AL \parallel BC$ by $KM \cap (ABC)$. $O = H'L \cap AA'$ Hi, how does Solution 1 work? Don't you need the circumcenter already for Poncelet Steiner??
06.03.2024 20:33
U need to do incenter excenter lemma+relfecction of orthocentre+produce AI ,BI,CI to meet circumcircle again u find I as orthocenter of new triangle
07.03.2024 09:49
Construct $D=AI \cap BC, E=BI \cap AC, F=CI \cap AB$. Firstly construct $M_A$ as the second intersection between $AI$ and $(ABC)$. Construct $A_1=EF \cap BC$, then $(B,C;D,A_1)=-1$. Since $\angle BAD = \angle CAD$, $AD \perp AA_1$. Construct $M_A'$ as the second intersection between $AA_1$ and $(ABC)$. Since $\angle M_A A M_A' = 90^{\circ}$, $M_AM_A'$ is a diameter of $(ABC)$ so it passes through the circumcenter $O$. Similarly, draw the diameter $M_BM_B'$, and $O=M_AM_A' \cap M_BM_B'$ so we are done.
08.03.2024 11:55
). Incenter has already given, hence we can construct a middle of arcs. Line passing throw two these corresponding points also passes throw the circumcenter. Now it's enough to intersect two these lines to get the circumcenter which is exactly what was required.
02.07.2024 17:38
Let $AI$ meet $(ABC)$ again at the midpoint $D$ of arc $BC$, and construct $E$, $F$ similarly, then $X = EF \cap AI$ is the midpoint of $AI$ (as $EF$ is the perpendicular bisector of $AI$). Construct $Y$, $Z$ similarly. Then $G = BZ \cap CY$ is the centroid of $\Delta IBC$, so $M = IG \cap BC$ is the midpoint of $BC$ and allows us to construct the perpendicular bisector $MD$ of $BC$. Construct the other perpendicular bisectors similarly, then they meet at the circumcenter.