Problem

Source: Greece National Olympiad 2024, Problem 3

Tags: combinatorics



Let $n \geq 2$ be a positive integer and let $A, B$ be two finite sets of integers such that $|A| \leq n$. Let $C$ be a subset of the set $\{(a, b) | a \in A, b \in B\}$. Achilles writes on a board all possible distinct differences $a-b$ for $(a, b) \in C$ and suppose that their count is $d$. He writes on another board all triplets $(k, l, m)$, where $(k, l), (k, m) \in C$ and suppose that their count is $p$. Show that $np \geq d^2.$