Problem

Source: Romania National Olympiad 2023

Tags: geometry, complex numbers



We consider triangle $ABC$ and variables points $M$ on the half-line $BC$, $N$ on the half-line $CA$, and $P$ on the half-line $AB$, each start simultaneously from $B,C$ and respectively $A$, moving with constant speeds $ v_1, v_2, v_3 > 0 $, where $v_1$, $v_2$, and $v_3$ are expressed in the same unit of measure. a) Given that there exist three distinct moments in which triangle $MNP$ is equilateral, prove that triangle $ABC$ is equilateral and that $v_1 = v_2 = v_3$. b) Prove that if $v_1 = v_2 = v_3$ and there exists a moment in which triangle $MNP$ is equilateral, then triangle $ABC$ is also equilateral.