We are given some three element subsets of $\{1,2, \dots ,n\}$ for which any two of them have at most one common element. We call a subset of $\{1,2, \dots ,n\}$ nice if it doesn't include any of the given subsets. If no matter how the three element subsets are selected in the beginning, we can add one more element to every 29-element nice subset while keeping it nice, find the minimum value of $n$.
Problem
Source: Turkey EGMO TST 2022 P2
Tags: combinatorics, Sets, extremal principle
16.03.2022 21:59
Assume otherwise, then there is a violating subset for each potential added element. This amounts to at least $n-29$ violating subsets. But each subset includes two elements in the 29 element nice subset, so there are at most ${29 \choose 2}$ of these. Therefore $n \leq {30 \choose 2}$. Claim: There is such an example for $n = {30 \choose 2}$. Construction: Consider the set of pairs of elements of $\{1, 2, \ldots, 30\}$. Create a three-element subset for every triple $\{a, b\}, \{b, c\}, \{c, a\}$. Obviously these satisfy the condition. Now the 29-element nice subset $\{\{1, 2\}, \{1, 3\}, \ldots \{1, 30\}\}$ cannot have any other pairs added for obvious reasons. hence the minimum value of $n$ is ${30 \choose 2}+1 = 436$
26.04.2022 13:15
Inconsistent wrote: Assume otherwise, then there is a violating subset for each potential added element. This amounts to at least $n-29$ violating subsets. But each subset includes two elements in the 29 element nice subset, so there are at most ${29 \choose 2}$ of these. Therefore $n \leq {30 \choose 2}$. Claim: There is such an example for $n = {30 \choose 2}$. Construction: Consider the set of pairs of elements of $\{1, 2, \ldots, 30\}$. Create a three-element subset for every triple $\{a, b\}, \{b, c\}, \{c, a\}$. Obviously these satisfy the condition. Now the 29-element nice subset $\{\{1, 2\}, \{1, 3\}, \ldots \{1, 30\}\}$ cannot have any other pairs added for obvious reasons. hence the minimum value of $n$ is ${30 \choose 2}+1 = 436$ Could you please tell the motivation of selecting the construction? I think the hard and main part of this problem is to find such construction.