For an upcoming international mathematics contest, the participating countries were asked to choose from nine combinatorics problems. Given how hard it usually is to agree, nobody was surprised that the following happened: i) Every country voted for exactly three problems. ii) Any two countries voted for different sets of problems. iii) Given any three countries, there was a problem none of them voted for. Find the maximal possible number of participating countries.
Problem
Source: Baltic Way 2008, Problem 13
Tags: combinatorics unsolved, combinatorics
ffao
23.11.2008 22:35
Note that condition (iii) can be restated as follows:
iii) Given any three countries, at least two of them voted for the same problem.
There are $ \binom93 = 84$ possible voting patterns for the countries. Now, let's call a triple $ \{C_1, C_2, C_3\}$, where no two countries vote for the same problem an offending triple.
The total number of offending triples is $ \frac {84\binom63}{3!} = 280$.
The number of offending triples that contain a voting configuration $ C$ is $ \frac {\binom63}2 = 10$.
Therefore, to remove all offending triples, we need to remove at least 28 possible voting configurations out of the total 84, giving a maximum of 56 countries.
This configuration is obviously possible -- say that no country voted for problem #9 (satisfying condition iii). Then there are exactly $ \binom83 = 56$ different voting patterns.
Henry_2001
26.06.2019 05:46
ffao wrote: Therefore, to remove all offending triples, we need to remove at least 28 possible voting configurations out of the total 84, giving a maximum of 56 countries. Sorry for bump it. But I suppose It's not convincing. We need to get $28$ offending triples which contain all the $84$ possible voting configurations so that we have to remove at least $28$ possible voting configurations out of the total $84,$ giving a maximum of $56$ countries.