Find all positive integers $m,n$ such that $m^2+5n$ and $n^2+5m$ are perfect squares.
Problem
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Tags: number theory
EmilXM
25.10.2020 20:31
Let $m^2+5n = (m+a)^2 = m^2+2am+a^2 \Longrightarrow 5n = a^2+2am$ and let $n^2+5m = (n+b)^2 = n^2+2bn + b^2 \Longrightarrow 5m = b^2+2bn$. Now if $a,b \geq 3$, we have $$5n = a^2 + 2am >6m>5m$$$$5m = b^2+2bn>6n>5n$$contradiction. So WLOG $a \leq 2$.
If $a = 1$:
$5m=b^2+2bn \Longrightarrow 5(2m+1) = 2b^2+4bn+5 \Longrightarrow 25n=2b^2 + 4bn+5 \Longrightarrow n = \frac{2b^2+5}{25-4b}$
Now by checking few cases we have $b=5,6$ gives solutions $\boxed{(m,n) = (27,11);(77,192)}$.
If $a=2$
$5m=b^2+2bn \Longrightarrow 5(4m+4) = 4b^2+8bn+20 \Longrightarrow 25n= 4b^2 + 8bn +20 \Longrightarrow n = \frac{4b^2+20}{25-8b}$
Now by checking few cases we have $b=2,3$ gives solutions $\boxed{(m,n) = (4,4);(56,69)}$.
Hence all solutions are $\boxed{(m,n)=(4,4);(27;11);(56,69);(77,192)}$ and permutations.
individ
26.10.2020 07:30
https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/c6h2057296
hsiangshen
26.10.2020 08:07
Another approach WLOG Let $m\ge n>0$ So $(m+3)^2>m^2+5m\ge m^2+5n>m^2$ Therefore $m^2+5n\in\{(m+1)^2,(m+2)^2\}$ Then discuss these cases.