Let $x,y,z,t \in \mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}$. Show \begin{align*} \sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{xz}+\sqrt{xt}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{yt}+\sqrt{zt} \geq 3 \sqrt[3]{xyz+xyt+xzt+yzt} \end{align*}and determine the equality cases.
Problem
Source: Balkan MO ShortList 2008 A7
Tags:
Math-wiz
07.04.2020 08:09
If any two or more of the variables are zero, equality clearly holds. If exactly one of the variables is zero, say WLOG $t=0$, we need to prove $$\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{xyz}$$which is directly true by AM-GM.
So, we now assume that all the variables are positive.
Since the inequality is homogeneous, let $t=1$.
For no specific reason, replace $(x,y,z)$ by $(a^2,b^2,c^2)$
Let $a+b+c=3u, ab+bc+ca=3v^2, abc=w^3$
We need to prove $$u+v^2\geq\sqrt[3]{9v^4-6uw^3+w^6}$$Cubing, it is equivalent to proving $$u^3+(v^6-w^6)+3u^2v^2+3uv^4+6uw^3-9v^4\geq 0$$Since $v^6\geq w^6$ is true, we need to prove $$u^3+3u^2v^2+3uv^4+6uw^3-9v^4\geq 0$$The expression is linear and increasing in $w^3$, by Tejs theorem it suffices to check for the case $a=c$, which gives $$6 a^5 + 27 a^4 b + 11 a^4 + 36 a^3 b^2 + 36 a^3 b + 8 a^3 + 12 a^2 b^3 + 25 a^2 b^2 + 12 a^2 b + 6 a b^3 + 6 a b^2 + b^3\geq 0$$clearly true. No equality holds in this case since $a,b,c$ are positive reals.
Hence, equality holds when atleast two of the variables are zero, or $(x,x,x,0)$ and it's permutations.
GorgonMathDota
09.04.2020 20:58
posted before https://artofproblemsolving.com/community/q5h1284459p6767628