Problem

Source: Dutch NMO 2014 p4

Tags: number theory, prime, divisible, Inequality, diophantine



A quadruple $(p, a, b, c)$ of positive integers is called a Leiden quadruple if - $p$ is an odd prime number, - $a, b$, and $c$ are distinct and - $ab + 1, bc + 1$ and $ca + 1$ are divisible by $p$. a) Prove that for every Leiden quadruple $(p, a, b, c)$ we have $p + 2 \le \frac{a+b+c}{3}$ . b) Determine all numbers $p$ for which a Leiden quadruple $(p, a, b, c)$ exists with $p + 2 = \frac{a+b+c}{3} $