Problem

Source: Balkan BMO Shortlist 2015 N3

Tags: prime divisor, Integer, number theory, divides, divisor



Let $a$ be a positive integer. For all positive integer n, we define $ a_n=1+a+a^2+\ldots+a^{n-1}. $ Let $s,t$ be two different positive integers with the following property: If $p$ is prime divisor of $s-t$, then $p$ divides $a-1$. Prove that number $\frac{a_{s}-a_{t}}{s-t}$ is an integer. (FYROM)