Prove that there are infinitely many pairs of positive integers (m,n) such that simultaneously m divides n2+1 and n divides m2+1.
Problem
Source: Danube 2018 p2
Tags: number theory, Divisors, infinitely many
22.07.2019 04:36
First (m,n)=1, then the requirements are equivalent to mn divides m^2+n^2+1. We can prove m^2+n^2+1=3mn by classic infinite decent. That means starting from (1,1), we can get a new pair (m,3m-n) from (m,n) when m>=n.
22.07.2019 05:06
we add (m,n)=1, we can get mn∣n2+m2+1, then using Vieta Jump.
22.07.2019 05:29
It is a well know problem... mn|n2+m2+1⟹n2+m2+1=kmn, where k∈N+.I claim that k=3. Suppose (m,n) is a solution with k≠3. Then if m=n then 2m2+1=km2 leading to k=3 which is not possible.For n≠m we have (mk−n)2+m2+1=(mk−n)mk which means mk−n,m is also the solution. We can check that mk−n<n and hence we have a decreasing sequence of positive integers which is a contradiction to FMID. SO we have k=3. For k=3 , m2+n2+1=3mn, (1,1) is the solution of the equation. Note that if xn+1,yn+1 is a solution of the above equation then xn,3yn−xn is a solution also. So we have xn+1=3xn−xn−1,x1=1,x2=2 which characterizes the Fibonacci sequence of odd index. Hence (F2n+1,F2n−1) is the solution.