The bisector of the angle $A$ of a triangle $ABC$ intersects $BC$ in a point $D$ and intersects the circumcircle of the triangle $ABC$ in a point $E$. Let $K,L,M$ and $N$ be the midpoints of the segments $AB,BD,CD$ and $AC$, respectively. Let $P$ be the circumcenter of the triangle $EKL$, and $Q$ be the circumcenter of the triangle $EMN$. Prove that $\angle PEQ=\angle BAC$.
Problem
Source: Baltic Way 2018, Problem 13
Tags: geometry, circumcircle
06.11.2018 15:26
let $I$ be the midpoint of $BC$ we have $IEC \sim CEA\implies \angle MEC =\angle NEA $ more $\angle QEC = \angle QEM +\angle MEC=90^\circ -\angle ENM+\angle MEC=90^\circ -\angle NEA+\angle MEC = 90^\circ -\angle MEC+\angle MEC=90^\circ.$ idem $\angle PEB=90^\circ $ therefore $\angle PEQ =\angle A$ RH HAS
06.01.2020 05:10
I am having trouble understanding how $\angle PEB=90^{\circ} \implies \angle PEQ=\angle A$.
28.01.2020 06:41
Plops wrote: I am having trouble understanding how $\angle PEB=90^{\circ} \implies \angle PEQ=\angle A$. $\angle PEB=90^{\circ}$; $\angle QEC=90^{\circ}$ So $\angle BAC = 180^{\circ} - \angle BEC = 180^{\circ} - (\angle PEB + \angle QEC - \angle PEQ) = \angle PEQ$
03.10.2020 13:06
Good problem in Baltic Way style. Solved with @blastoor We begin with the following crucial claim. Claim: $BE$ is tangent to $\odot(KLE)$ and $CE$ is tangent to $\odot(NME)$. Proof: Note that $\triangle BDE \sim ABE $. This implies that: $$ \frac{BD}{BE} = \frac{AB}{AE} \implies \frac{BL}{BE} = \frac{AK}{AE} $$Consequently we have that $\triangle ABE \sim \triangle AKE$, which gives us that $\angle BEL = \angle KEA = \angle LKE$. This proves that $BE$ is tangent to $\odot(KLE)$. Similarly we can prove that $CE$ is tangent to $\odot(NME)$. From claim follows that $\angle BEP = \angle QEC = 90^{\circ} \implies \angle BEQ = \angle PEC$. Claim: $\angle BEQ = 90^{\circ} - \angle BAC = \angle PEC$ Proof: Denote $x= \angle AEN = \angle ENM = \angle MEC$. Note that: $$ \angle BEQ = \angle BEM - \angle QEM = \angle BEM - 90^{\circ}+x $$But note that $BEM = 180^{\circ} - \angle BAC - \angle MEC = 180^{\circ} - \angle BAC -x$. Thereby: $$ \angle BEQ =\angle BEM -90^{\circ}+x = 180^{\circ} - \angle BAC -x -90^{\circ}+x=90^{\circ} - \angle BAC $$ Now to finish the problem we are left to compute $\angle PEQ$. This is easy since: $$ \angle PEQ = \angle BEM - \angle BEQ - \angle PEC = 180^{\circ} - \angle BAC -90^{\circ}+\angle BAC -90^{\circ}+\angle BAC =\angle BAC$$as desired.
13.10.2020 17:09
Kimchiks926 wrote: Good problem in Baltic Way style. Solved with @blastoor We begin with the following crucial claim. Claim: $BE$ is tangent to $\odot(KLE)$ and $CE$ is tangent to $\odot(NME)$. Proof: Note that $\triangle BDE \sim ABE $. This implies that: $$ \frac{BD}{BE} = \frac{AB}{AE} \implies \frac{BL}{BE} = \frac{AK}{AE} $$Consequently we have that $\triangle ABE \sim \triangle AKE$, which gives us that $\angle BEL = \angle KEA = \angle LKE$. This proves that $BE$ is tangent to $\odot(KLE)$. Similarly we can prove that $CE$ is tangent to $\odot(NME)$. From claim follows that $\angle BEP = \angle QEC = 90^{\circ} \implies \angle BEQ = \angle PEC$. Claim: $\angle BEQ = 90^{\circ} - \angle BAC = \angle PEC$ Proof: Denote $x= \angle AEN = \angle ENM = \angle MEC$. Note that: $$ \angle BEQ = \angle BEM - \angle QEM = \angle BEM - 90^{\circ}+x $$But note that $BEM = 180^{\circ} - \angle BAC - \angle MEC = 180^{\circ} - \angle BAC -x$. Thereby: $$ \angle BEQ =\angle BEM -90^{\circ}+x = 180^{\circ} - \angle BAC -x -90^{\circ}+x=90^{\circ} - \angle BAC $$ Now to finish the problem we are left to compute $\angle PEQ$. This is easy since: $$ \angle PEQ = \angle BEM - \angle BEQ - \angle PEC = 180^{\circ} - \angle BAC -90^{\circ}+\angle BAC -90^{\circ}+\angle BAC =\angle BAC$$as desired. Your solution is very nice and beautiful but I think this is slightly quicker when proving $\angle BEQ = 90^{\circ} - \angle BAC = \angle PEC$. After proving that $\angle BEP$ = $90^{\circ}$ = $\angle QEC$ one can quickly deduce that $$180^{\circ} - \angle QEP = 90^{\circ} + 90^{\circ} -\angle QEP = \angle BEP + \angle QEC - \angle QEP = \angle BEC$$
05.11.2021 13:18
Here is another solution which is not as elegant but very straightforward since it does not require any clever observation: