Let ABC be a triangle and AD,BE,CF be cevians concurrent at a point P. Suppose each of the quadrilaterals PDCE,PEAF and PFBD has both circumcircle and incircle. Prove that ABC is equilateral and P coincides with the center of the triangle.
Problem
Source: India TST 2018, D4 P1
Tags: geometry, circumcircle
18.07.2018 17:14
Observe ∠AEF=∠APF=∠FBC so BCEF is cyclic. Thus, ∠PBA=∠PCA. Likewise ∠PAC=∠PBC and ∠PAB=∠PCB. Let Q be the isogonal conjugate of P in △ABC. Then QA=QB=QC hence P=H is the orthocenter of △ABC. Now AE−HE=AF−HF by Pithot's Theorem in AEPF. Also AE2+HE2=AF2+HF2=AH2 by Pythagoras Theorem. Solving yields that ¯AH bisects angle EAF. Now apply this cyclically: H coincides with the incenter so ABC is equilateral and P is its center.
18.07.2018 17:52
My solution: Note that ∠BFC=∠ADC=180∘−∠BEC and ∠AEF=∠APF=∠ABD ⇒BCEF is cyclic ⇒∠BFC=∠BEC=90∘⇒P is the orthocenter of △ABC. Now, Let AP∩EF=K and T be the center of ⊙(AEPF)⇒K,T,I is collinear, where I is the incenter of AEPF. ⇒I lies on AP⇒AP bisects ∠EAF and ∠EPF. Thus, ∠AEF=∠APF=∠APE=90∘−∠EAP⇒AK⊥EF⇒EF∥BC But, EF is antiparallel to BC⇒△ABC is isosceles with AB=AC. As the situation is symmetric, we get that △ABC is equilateral with P as its orthocenter (i.e. its center).
18.07.2018 22:28
Just note that by PoP, we have BCEF cyclic, and that ∠AFP=∠PDB=∠PEC, so ∠BEC=90∘. So P is the orthocenter. Also, by Pitot on ABHC, we have that the orthocenter is an equal detour point of ABC, which happens only if ABC is equilateral. The rest is clear.
23.03.2023 14:07
How is this a TST problem??