Problem

Source: Held on April 8, 2017

Tags: Greece, 2017, geometry, inequalities, number theory, JBMO TST, combinatorics



Greece JBMO TST 2017 Problem 1. Positive real numbers $a,b,c$ satisfy $a+b+c=1$. Prove that $$(a+1)\sqrt{2a(1-a)} + (b+1)\sqrt{2b(1-b)} + (c+1)\sqrt{2c(1-c)} \geq 8(ab+bc+ca).$$Also, find the values of $a,b,c$ for which the equality happens. Problem 2. Let $ABC$ be an acute-angled triangle inscribed in a circle $\mathcal C (O, R)$ and $F$ a point on the side $AB$ such that $AF < AB/2$. The circle $c_1(F, FA)$ intersects the line $OA$ at the point $A'$ and the circle $\mathcal C$ at $K$. Prove that the quadrilateral $BKFA'$ is cyclic and its circumcircle contains point $O$. Problem 3. Prove that for every positive integer $n$, the number $A_n = 7^{2n} -48n - 1$ is a multiple of $9$. Problem 4. Let $ABC$ be an equilateral triangle of side length $a$, and consider $D$, $E$ and $F$ the midpoints of the sides $(AB), (BC)$, and $(CA)$, respectively. Let $H$ be the the symmetrical of $D$ with respect to the line $BC$. Color the points $A, B, C, D, E, F, H$ with one of the two colors, red and blue. How many equilateral triangles with all the vertices in the set $\{A, B, C, D, E, F, H\}$ are there? Prove that if points $B$ and $E$ are painted with the same color, then for any coloring of the remaining points there is an equilateral triangle with vertices in the set $\{A, B, C, D, E, F, H\}$ and having the same color. Does the conclusion of the second part remain valid if $B$ is blue and $E$ is red?