Problem

Source: IMO LongList 1959-1966 Problem 43

Tags: combinatorics, Coloring, graph theory, Ramsey Theory, Extremal combinatorics, IMO Longlist, IMO Shortlist



Given $5$ points in a plane, no three of them being collinear. Each two of these $5$ points are joined with a segment, and every of these segments is painted either red or blue; assume that there is no triangle whose sides are segments of equal color. a.) Show that: (1) Among the four segments originating at any of the $5$ points, two are red and two are blue. (2) The red segments form a closed way passing through all $5$ given points. (Similarly for the blue segments.) b.) Give a plan how to paint the segments either red or blue in order to have the condition (no triangle with equally colored sides) satisfied.