Problem

Source: India Practice TST 2017 D2 P3

Tags: combinatorics



There are $n$ lamps $L_1, L_2, \dots, L_n$ arranged in a circle in that order. At any given time, each lamp is either on or off. Every second, each lamp undergoes a change according to the following rule: (a) For each lamp $L_i$, if $L_{i-1}, L_i, L_{i+1}$ have the same state in the previous second, then $L_i$ is off right now. (Indices taken mod $n$.) (b) Otherwise, $L_i$ is on right now. Initially, all the lamps are off, except for $L_1$ which is on. Prove that for infinitely many integers $n$ all the lamps will be off eventually, after a finite amount of time.