Kostas and Helene have the following dialogue: Kostas: I have in my mind three positive real numbers with product $1$ and sum equal to the sum of all their pairwise products. Helene: I think that I know the numbers you have in mind. They are all equal to $1$. Kostas: In fact, the numbers you mentioned satisfy my conditions, but I did not think of these numbers. The numbers you mentioned have the minimal sum between all possible solutions of the problem. Can you decide if Kostas is right? (Explain your answer).
Problem
Source: JBMO 2008 Shortlist C2
Tags: JBMO, combinatorics
15.10.2017 09:58
Just AM-GM.
05.04.2024 22:20
Take c=1/ab. a+b+c=ab+ac+bc.=> a+b+1/ab=ab+1/b+1/a. Then a²b+ab²+1=a²b²+a+b. (ab-1)(a+b)=(ab-1)(ab+1). First case is ab=1. So c=1. Second case is a+b=ab+1 . (a-1)(b-1)=0. Then a or b is equal to 1.Since everything is symmetric in that 2 equations, we get c=1. Then we have ab=1. By using AM≥GM, we get a+b≥2. So since c=1, a+b+c≥3. Equality holds when a=b=c=1. => Kostas is right!
18.07.2024 14:55
By Am_GM. (a+b+c)/3>=(abc)^1/3 replace abc by 1. a+b+c=ab+bc+ca>=3. smallest possible sum is 3 so Kostas is right.
18.07.2024 21:25
Technically, one should also show that Kostas really might not have thought of $a=b=c=1$, i.e. give another example of $(a,b,c)$ with $abc = 1$ and $a+b+c = ab+bc+ca$. But in fact, any triple $(a,\frac{1}{a},1)$ works here and one can even show that these are all possible triples (and then the main problem is solved by noting that $a + \frac{1}{a}$ is minimal for $a=1$).
27.12.2024 22:18
AM-GM. Also this SL has some of the easiest combo problems i've seen.