Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $m (\angle C) = 90^\circ$ and the points $D \in [AC], E\in [BC]$. Inside the triangle we construct the semicircles $C_1, C_2, C_3, C_4$ of diameters $[AC], [BC], [CD], [CE]$ and let $\{C, K\} = C_1 \cap C_2, \{C, M\} =C_3 \cap C_4, \{C, L\} = C_2 \cap C_3, \{C, N\} =C_1 \cap C_4$. Show that points $K, L, M, N$ are concyclic.
Problem
Source: JBMO Shortlist 2004
Tags: JBMO, geometry
23.12.2018 20:06
What is M?
24.12.2018 03:39
just added $\{C, M\} =C_3 \cap C_4$ at the end, thanks for noting the missing info
24.12.2018 09:09
$Lemma$ Consider a triangle $ABC$ with $\angle C = 90º$. Let $\omega$ and $\lambda$ be the circles with diameter $AC$ and $BC$, take $M = \omega \cap \lambda, M \ne C.$ Thus, $M$ is the foot of the height from $C$ to $AB$. $Proof:$ Let $M'$ be the foot of the height from $C$ to $AB$, as $\angle CM'A = 90º \implies \omega$ is the circumcircle of $\triangle CM'A$ too, $\angle CM'B = 90º \implies \lambda$ is the circumcircle of $\triangle CM'B.$ So $CM'$ is the radical axis of $\omega$ and $\lambda$, hence $M \equiv M'. \blacksquare$ Applying the $Lemma$ with triangles $ABC, ADE, ACE, BCD$ we get that: $K, L, M, N$ are the feet of the heights from $C$ to $AB, BD, DE, EA$, respectively. So, $CK \perp AB$, $CL \perp BD$, $CM \perp DE$ and $CN \perp AE.$ Take $\alpha = \angle CBD$, $\beta = \angle CAE.$ Note that: $\angle NCA = 90º-\beta \implies \angle NCE = \beta.$ Too we have that: $\angle BCL = 90º-\alpha \implies DCL = \alpha.$ Besides that, the following quadrilaterals are cyclic, because of the perpendicularism said over: $CMLD, CMNE, CLKB$ and $CNKA$, thus: $\angle DML = \angle DCL = \alpha, \angle EMN = \angle ECN = \beta \implies \angle NML = 180º - \angle DCL + \angle ECN = 180º-(\alpha + \beta)$ now calculating $\angle NKL = \angle CKL + \angle CKN = \angle CBL + \angle CAN = \alpha + \beta.$ Therefore, $\angle NKL + \angle NML = 180º-(\alpha+\beta)+(\alpha+\beta) = 180º,$ so $K, L, M, N$ are concyclic because quadrilateral $NKLM$ is cyclic $.\blacksquare$