In acute triangle $ABC$, let $D$ and $E$ be points on sides $AB$ and $AC$ respectively. Let segments $BE$ and $DC$ meet at point $H$. Let $M$ and $N$ be the midpoints of segments $BD$ and $CE$ respectively. Show that $H$ is the orthocenter of triangle $AMN$ if and only if $B,C,E,D$ are concyclic and $BE\perp CD$.
Problem
Source: CWMI 2017 Q6
Tags: geometry
15.08.2017 12:37
I found a lot of nice proofs for this problem. The sufficiency is easy (a corollary of Bramagupta theorem) The necessity : Proof 1 From $\angle HMA = \angle HNA,\angle DHB = \angle EHC$ we can show that triangle $DHB$ is similar to triangle $EHC$,from which we conclude that $D,E,B,C$ are concycllc. Then drawing the circumcenter $O$ of triangle $DHB$,from Bramagupta theorem we obtain that $OH$ is perpendicular to $EC$.Combining with $MH$ perpendicular to $EC$ and $O$ lies on the perpendicular bisector of segment $BD$ we obtain that $O$ concoins with $M$ ,which implies $BE \perp CD$. Proof 2 We prove the conclusion by "swifting" the statement.Noting that swifting $BA$ won't change the conclusion,we can move $BA$ to $CB'$ ,but $A'$ change into $C$,then the midpoint of the image of $BD$ changes into $M'$.And from the orthocenter assertion we know that $H$ is also the orthocenter of $M'NC$,from which we conclude that $M'N \perp HC$ ,so by midline we know that $BE \perp CD$.Then easy angle chasing show that $B,C,E,D$ are concyclic. For some reason now I cant post the attachment...
18.08.2017 15:38
Alternatively, to prove the necessity case, after showing that $D,E,B,C$ are concyclic, one can easily angle chase to find that the $MH, NH$ is the $H$ - symmedian of $\triangle HCE$ and $\triangle HBD$ respectively. If the symmedian is perpendicular to the opposite side, and the triangle is not isoceles, then it must be right-angled.
20.08.2017 10:29
Hermitianism wrote: Proof 1 From $\angle HMA = \angle HNA,\angle DHB = \angle EHC$ Why are these angles equal? Edit: oops I'm stupid
20.08.2017 13:21
Hermitianism wrote: I found a lot of nice proofs for this problem. The sufficiency is easy (a corollary of Bramagupta theorem) The necessity : Proof 1 From $\angle HMA = \angle HNA,\angle DHB = \angle EHC$ we can show that triangle $DHB$ is similar to triangle $EHC$,from which we conclude that $D,E,B,C$ are concycllc. Then drawing the circumcenter $O$ of triangle $DHB$,from Bramagupta theorem we obtain that $OH$ is perpendicular to $EC$.Combining with $MH$ perpendicular to $EC$ and $O$ lies on the perpendicular bisector of segment $BD$ we obtain that $O$ concoins with $M$ ,which implies $BE \perp CD$. Proof 2 We prove the conclusion by "swifting" the statement.Noting that swifting $BA$ won't change the conclusion,we can move $BA$ to $CB'$ ,but $A'$ change into $C$,then the midpoint of the image of $BD$ changes into $M'$.And from the orthocenter assertion we know that $H$ is also the orthocenter of $M'NC$,from which we conclude that $M'N \perp HC$ ,so by midline we know that $BE \perp CD$.Then easy angle chasing show that $B,C,E,D$ are concyclic. For some reason now I cant post the attachment... How do you prove that the triangles are similiar
21.08.2017 12:13
by creating Phantom point(sorry,I forgot to wrote that)
15.06.2022 21:21
The orthocenter proving part is just some obvious angle chasing so we'll just prove the other part. Note that $\angle HME = \angle 90 - \angle A = \angle HND$ and $\angle EHB = \angle DHC$ and $HM$ and $HN$ are bisectors of $EB$ and $DC$ so $HEB$ and $HDC$ are similar so $\angle HEB = \angle HDC$ so $BCDE$ is cyclic. Let $NH$ and $MH$ meet $AM$ and $AN$ at $S$ and $K$. Note that $\angle NHC = \angle EHS = \angle 90 - \angle BEH = \angle 90 - \angle CDH = \angle DHK = \angle MHB$ so $MH$ and $NH$ are symmedians in $BEH$ and $CDH$ and Note that these symmedians are perpendicular to $EB$ and $DC$ so $EHB$ and $DHC$ are right angled triangles so $BE \perp CD$.