Positive numbers are written in the squares of a 10 × 10 table. Frogs sit in five squares and cover the numbers in these squares. Kostya found the sum of all visible numbers and got 10. Then each frog jumped to an adjacent square and Kostya’s sum changed to $10^2$. Then the frogs jumped again, and the sum changed to $10^3$ and so on: every new sum was 10 times greater than the previous one. What maximum sum can Kostya obtain?
Problem
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Tags: combinatorics, Tuymaada
29.06.2017 18:24
Nobody ?
09.07.2017 14:35
Anyone ?
09.07.2017 20:12
The maximum is $10^6$ This can be achieved by having $\frac{1}{1000}$ in all squares except the top 2 by 3, and then having $10^1-\frac{94}{10000}$, $10^2-\frac{94}{10000}$, ..., $10^6-\frac{94}{10000}$ in a cyclic order, and have the frogs jump around in a circle. We shall now prove $10^7$ is unattainable. In the increase from $10^1$ to $10^2$ there is an increase of 90. As 5 squares were revealed and 5 taken away, at least one of the revealed squares must have a value strictly greater than $\frac{90}{6} = 15$. However as the total value after is only 100, the square must have value at most 100. Therefore the square has value in the range $(15,100)$. Similarly for the other jumps up to $10^6$ to $10^7$ we must have squares in the ranges: $(1.5*10^2,10*10^2)$, $(1.5*10^3,10*10^3)$, ..., $(1.5*10^6, 10*10^6)$. These 6 squares are in non-intersecting ranges, so they must all be unique. However as there are only 5 frogs, at least one of the squares must be visible at all times, which is impossible as even the smallest possible value, 15, creates too big of a sum for the first position. Therefore, Kostya cannot get a sum of $10^7$, so the maximal value is $\boxed{10^6}$.
10.07.2017 17:14
I have a question: Why at least one of the revealed squares must have a value strictly greater than $\frac{90}{6} = 15$ and not $\frac{90}{5} = 18$ ?