Given pyramid with base $n-gon$. How many maximum number of edges can be perpendicular to base?
Problem
Source: Sharygin Oral Geometry Olympiad 2017.Senior League(10-11) P2
Tags: geometry, 3D geometry, pyramid
17.04.2017 02:13
If two lines are perpendicular to the base, they are parellel with each other, they won't intersect, therefore not forming a pyramid. So the maximum is $1$. Q.E.D.
17.04.2017 10:20
Domingues3 wrote: If two lines are perpendicular to the base, they are parellel with each other, they won't intersect, therefore not forming a pyramid. So the maximum is $1$. Q.E.D. They can intersect). If they are perpendicular to the base that doesn't mean that they can't intersect
17.04.2017 10:52
Note that it's not hard to see but here I'll write it clearly, so it may look a bit long. I will assume that the $n$-gon don't have to be a convex polygon since it didn't require in the problem. WLOG that the polygon lie on the plane $z=0$, denote their vertices consecutively by $(x_1,y_1,0),(x_2,y_2,0),...,(x_n,y_n,0)$. Then suppose the vertices of the pyramid have coordinate $(p,q,r)$. Note that a triangle formed by three edges connected $(p,q,r),(x_i,y_i,0),(x_j,y_j,0)$ is a right triangle (with one of it's legs is $(x_i,y_i,0),(x_j,y_j,0)$) iff the triangle formed by three edges connected $(p,q,0),(x_i,y_i,0),(x_j,y_j,0)$ is also a right triangle. So we can assume that $r=0$ and then the problem reduce to two dimensions. Start with two points $(p,q),(x_1,y_1)$ It's clear that we can inductively (in clockwise angle) construct $(x_i,y_i)$ so that the angle formed by $(p,q),(x_i,y_i)$ and $(x_i,y_i),(x_{i-1},y_{i-1})$ for each $i=2,3,...,n$ Then we draw the $n^{th}$ line to complete the (possibly concave) polygon. Then we've to show that there not exist such figure with $n$ perpendicular edges. Observe that the right angle doesn't occur at the same vertex twice (otherwise, two sides of the polygon is the same line.). By Pythagoras, we have $(p-x_i)^2+(q-x_i)^2)-((p-x_{i+1})^2+(q-y_{i+1})^2)=(x_i-x_{i+1})^2+(y_i-y_{i+1})^2$ This must hold for all $i=1,2,...,n$ (indices taken modulo $n$). Summing up all equalities, we get a contradiction since $LHS=0,RHS>0$.
17.04.2017 16:11
Domingues3 wrote: If two lines are perpendicular to the base, they are parellel with each other, they won't intersect, therefore not forming a pyramid. So the maximum is $1$. Q.E.D. just say : they are parallel but theyhave a common point so they coincide. RH HAS