$\boxed{N5}$Let $a,b,c,p,q,r$ be positive integers such that $a^p+b^q+c^r=a^q+b^r+c^p=a^r+b^p+c^q.$ Prove that $a=b=c$ or $p=q=r.$
Problem
Source: Balkan MO 2014 Shortlist
Tags: number theory
10.10.2016 20:39
Bump...
19.03.2017 20:58
Clearly if $p=q$ or $a=b$ you can conclude to the disired result. Only remains to examine the case when $a \not= b \not= c \not= a$ and $p \not= q \not= r \not= p$
20.03.2017 11:02
Any ideas?
21.03.2017 09:39
This problem is only tricky. Suppose $p=q=r$ is false. WLOG, let us assume that $a\geq b,a\geq c$. Call a triple $(x,y,z) $ increasing iff $x\leq y\leq z$ and decreasing iff $x\geq y\geq z$. I claim that the set {$(p,q,r),(q,r,p),(r,p,q) $} contains an increasing or a decreasing triple. Suppose it does not contain an increasing triple then {$(r,q,p),(p,r,q),(q,p,r) $} contains an increasing triple, assume $(r,q,p) $ is increasing then $(p,q,r) $ is decreasing hence our required set does have a decreasing triple if it does not have an increasing triple. Now Rearrangement Inequality does the job.