What are the last two digits of the decimal representation of $21^{2006}$?
Problem
Source: Paraguayan Mathematical Olympiad 2006
Tags: number theory
22.07.2015 09:39
For,$21\cdot21=4\underline{41},~41\cdot21=8\underline{61},~61\cdot21=12\underline{81},~81\cdot21=17\underline{01},~1\cdot21=\underline{21}$ and $2006\equiv1(mod~5),$ the answer should be $21.$
22.07.2015 13:13
Binomial theorem: $\,(1+20)^{2006}\equiv 1^{2006}+\binom{2006}{1}\cdot 1^{2005}\cdot 20\equiv 1+6\cdot 20\equiv 21\,\pmod{\! 100}$
24.07.2015 01:29
We have $21^{2006}$ $\equiv 21^6$$\equiv 41^3$$\equiv21$$(\text{mod}$ $100)$.
24.07.2015 03:17
By Euler's Theorem, $21^{400} \equiv 1 (\text{mod} 100) $ $\implies$ $21^6 \equiv \boxed{21} (\text{mod} 100)$
12.07.2022 17:54
(Euler Totient) $$21^{2006} \equiv 21^6\equiv 41^{3}\equiv 21\pmod{100}$$
12.07.2022 18:04
12.07.2022 18:13
Since $\phi(100)=40$, by Euler we have $21^{2006}\equiv 21^6\equiv 21\pmod{100}$.