The National Foundation of Happiness (NFoH) wants to estimate the happiness of people of country. NFoH selected $n$ random persons, and on every morning asked from each of them whether she is happy or not. On any two distinct days, exactly half of the persons gave the same answer. Show that after $k$ days, there were at most $n-\frac{n}{k}$ persons whose “yes” answers equals their “no” answers.
Let $m$ be the sum, over all pairs of days, of the number of people who give the a different answer on the two days. Then
$m = \frac{nk (k-1)}{4}$.
For any person who gives an equal number of yeses and nos, the number of pairs of days on which he gives a different answer is $\frac{k^{2}}{4}$. So the maximum number of such people is:
$\lfloor \frac{\frac{nk (k-1)}{4}}{\frac{k^{2}}{4}}\rfloor$ = $\lfloor n-\frac{n}{k}\rfloor$.
Let $ v_i$ be the vector that $ v_i=(a_{i1},\ldots,a_{in})$ where $ a_{ij}=1$ if the j-th person's answer on the i-th day is yes and $ a_{ij}=-1$, otherwise. The giving condition implies that $ v_i \cdot v_j=0$ and clearly $ v_i^2=n$.
Let the i-th person's answer (1 or -1) adds up to $ x_i$. If there is more than $ n- \frac{n}{k}$ people whose yes's equal to no's then
$ k^2 \cdot \frac{n}{k} < (x_1^2+\ldots+x_n^2)=|v_1+\ldots+v_k|^2=v_1^2+\ldots+v_k^2=kn$. Contradiction.