2018 CHKMO

December 2, 2017

1

The sequence $\{x_n\}$ is defined by $x_1=5$ and $x_{k+1}=x_k^2-3x_k+3$ for $k=1,2,3\cdots$. Prove that $x_k>3^{2^{k-1}}$ for any positive integer $k$.

2

Suppose $ABCD$ is a cyclic quadrilateral. Extend $DA$ and $DC$ to $P$ and $Q$ respectively such that $AP=BC$ and $CQ=AB$. Let $M$ be the midpoint of $PQ$. Show that $MA\perp MC$.

3

Let $k$ be a positive integer. Prove that there exists a positive integer $\ell$ with the following property: if $m$ and $n$ are positive integers relatively prime to $\ell$ such that $m^m\equiv n^n \pmod{\ell}$, then $m\equiv n \pmod k$.

4

Suppose 2017 points in a plane are given such that no three points are collinear. Among the triangles formed by any three of these 2017 points, those triangles having the largest area are said to be good. Prove that there cannot be more than 2017 good triangles.