Problem

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Tags: algebra, geometry, number theory, combinatorics, chilean NMO



p1. Find all prime numbers p such that 2p+p2 is a prime number. p2. Given a triangle ABC, acute angle at B and C, show that there exists a only point D on BC such that segment EF is parallel to side BC, where E and F are the intersection points of the perpendiculars from point D to sides AB and AC respectively. p3. Of a total of 49 small white squares of a board of 7×7 have been painted 29 black. Show that there always exists at least one square of 2×2 with at least three little black squares. p4. Consider a triangle ABC, and a point P inside it. When drawing the lines AP, BP and CP, the intersection points D, E and F are determined on the sides BC, CA and AB respectively. The triangle is divided into 6 triangles (AFP, FPB, BDP, DPC, CPE, EPA). Show that if 4 of these triangles have the same area then points D, E, F are the midpoints of the respective sides. p5. Prove that the number (36a+b)(a+36b) is never a power of 2, for any choice of natural numbers a and b. p6. In a group of 2015 people the following is observed: for each pair of people who know each other, between the two they know everyone, but they do not have acquaintances in common. Prove that it is possible to separate people into two groups, such that in each group no one knows. Clarification: In this problem, if A knows B, then we also have that B knows A, that is, knowing oneself is a symmetric relationship. PS. Seniors P1, P4 were also proposed as Juniors P3, P5.