2017 Olympic Revenge

1

Prove that does not exist positive integers $a$, $b$ and $k$ such that $4abk-a-b$ is a perfect square.

2

Let $\triangle$$ABC$ a triangle with circumcircle $\Gamma$. Suppose there exist points $R$ and $S$ on sides $AB$ and $AC$, respectively, such that $BR=RS=SC$. A tangent line through $A$ to $\Gamma$ meet the line $RS$ at $P$. Let $I$ the incenter of triangle $\triangle$$ARS$. Prove that $PA=PI$

3

Let $n$ a positive integer. We call a pair $(\pi ,C)$ composed by a permutation $\pi$$:$ {$1,2,...n$}$\rightarrow${$1,2,...,n$} and a binary function $C:$ {$1,2,...,n$}$\rightarrow${$0,1$} "revengeful" if it satisfies the two following conditions: $1)$For every $i$ $\in$ {$1,2,...,n$}, there exist $j$ $\in$ $S_{i}=${$i, \pi(i),\pi(\pi(i)),...$} such that $C(j)=1$. $2)$ If $C(k)=1$, then $k$ is one of the $v_{2}(|S_{k}|)+1$ highest elements of $S_{k}$, where $v_{2}(t)$ is the highest nonnegative integer such that $2^{v_{2}(t)}$ divides $t$, for every positive integer $t$. Let $V$ the number of revengeful pairs and $P$ the number of partitions of $n$ with all parts powers of $2$. Determine $\frac{V}{P}$.

4

Let $f:\mathbb{R}_{+}^{*}$$\rightarrow$$\mathbb{R}_{+}^{*}$ such that $f'''(x)>0$ for all $x$ $\in$ $\mathbb{R}_{+}^{*}$. Prove that: $f(a^{2}+b^{2}+c^{2})+2f(ab+bc+ac)$ $\geq$ $f(a^{2}+2bc)+f(b^{2}+2ca)+f(c^{2}+2ab)$, for all $a,b,c$ $\in$ $\mathbb{R}_{+}^{*}$.