(a) Suppose that each square of a 4 x 7 chessboard is colored either black or white. Prove that with any such coloring, the board must contain a rectangle (formed by the horizontal and vertical lines of the board) whose four distinct unit corner squares are all of the same color. (b) Exhibit a black-white coloring of a 4 x6 board in which the four corner squares of every rectangle, as described above, are not all of the same color.

If $ A$ and $ B$ are fixed points on a given circle and $ XY$ is a variable diameter of the same circle, determine the locus of the point of intersection of lines $ AX$ and $ BY$. You may assume that $ AB$ is not a diameter.

Determine all integral solutions of \[ a^2+b^2+c^2=a^2b^2.\]

If the sum of the lengths of the six edges of a trirectangular tetrahedron $ PABC$ (i.e., $ \angle APB = \angle BPC = \angle CPA = 90^\circ$) is $ S$, determine its maximum volume.

If $ P(x),Q(x),R(x)$, and $ S(x)$ are all polynomials such that \[ P(x^5)+xQ(x^5)+x^2R(x^5)=(x^4+x^3+x^2+x+1)S(x),\] prove that $ x-1$ is a factor of $ P(x)$.

These problems are copyright $\copyright$ Mathematical Association of America.