2024 Chile TST Ibero.

1

Determine all integers \( x \) for which the expression \( x^2 + 10x + 160 \) is a perfect square.

2

A collection of regular polygons with sides of equal length is said to "fit" if, when arranged around a common vertex, they exactly complete the surrounding area of the point on the plane. For example, a square fits with two octagons. Determine all possible collections of regular polygons that fit.

3

Find all natural numbers \( n \) for which it is possible to construct an \( n \times n \) square using only tetrominoes like the one below:

4

Prove that if \( a \), \( b \), and \( c \) are positive real numbers, then the following inequality holds: \[ \frac{a + 3c}{a + b} + \frac{c + 3a}{b + c} + \frac{4b}{c + a} \geq 6. \]

5

Let $\triangle ABC$ be an acute-angled triangle. Let $P$ be the midpoint of $BC$, and $K$ the foot of the altitude from $A$ to side $BC$. Let $D$ be a point on segment $AP$ such that $\angle BDC = 90^\circ$. Let $E$ be the second point of intersection of line $BC$ with the circumcircle of $\triangle ADK$. Let $F$ be the second point of intersection of line $AE$ with the circumcircle of $\triangle ABC$. Prove that $\angle AFD = 90^\circ$.