2010 Slovenia National Olympiad

First Grade

1

For a real number $t$ and positive real numbers $a,b$ we have \[2a^2-3abt+b^2=2a^2+abt-b^2=0\] Find $t.$

2

Find all prime numbers $p, q, r$ such that \[15p+7pq+qr=pqr.\]

3

Let $ABC$ be an isosceles triangle with apex at $C.$ Let $D$ and $E$ be two points on the sides $AC$ and $BC$ such that the angle bisectors $\angle DEB$ and $\angle ADE$ meet at $F,$ which lies on segment $AB.$ Prove that $F$ is the midpoint of $AB.$

4

Find the smallest three-digit number such that the following holds: If the order of digits of this number is reversed and the number obtained by this is added to the original number, the resulting number consists of only odd digits.

5

Let $ABCD$ be a square with the side of $20$ units. Amir divides this square into $400$ unit squares. Reza then picks $4$ of the vertices of these unit squares. These vertices lie inside the square $ABCD$ and define a rectangle with the sides parallel to the sides of the square $ABCD.$ There are exactly $24$ unit squares which have at least one point in common with the sides of this rectangle. Find all possible values for the area of a rectangle with these properties. NoteNote: Vid changed to Amir, and Eva change to Reza!

Second Grade

1

Let $a,b$ be real numbers such that $|a| \neq |b|$ and $\frac{a+b}{a-b}+\frac{a-b}{a+b}=6.$ Find the value of the expression $\frac{a^3+b^3}{a^3-b^3}+\frac{a^3-b^3}{a^3+b^3}.$

2

Let $a, b$ and $c$ be nonzero digits. Let $p$ be a prime number which divides the three digit numbers $\overline{abc}$ and $\overline{cba}.$ Show that $p$ divides at least one of the numbers $a+b+c, a-b+c$ and $a-c.$

3

Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle. A line parallel to $BC$ intersects the sides $AB$ and $AC$ at $D$ and $E$, respectively. The circumcircle of the triangle $ADE$ intersects the segment $CD$ at $F \ (F \neq D).$ Prove that the triangles $AFE$ and $CBD$ are similar.

4

Let $x,y$ and $z$ be real numbers such that $0 \leq x,y,z \leq 1.$ Prove that \[xyz+(1-x)(1-y)(1-z) \leq 1.\] When does equality hold?

5

Let $ABC$ be an equilateral triangle with the side of $20$ units. Amir divides this triangle into $400$ smaller equilateral triangles with the sides of $1$ unit. Reza then picks $4$ of the vertices of these smaller triangles. The vertices lie inside the triangle $ABC$ and form a parallelogram with sides parallel to the sides of the triangle $ABC.$ There are exactly $46$ smaller triangles that have at least one point in common with the sides of this parallelogram. Find all possible values for the area of this parallelogram. [asy][asy] unitsize(150); defaultpen(linewidth(0.7)); int n = 20; /* # of vertical lines, including BC */ pair A = (0,0), B = dir(-30), C = dir(30); draw(A--B--C--cycle,linewidth(1)); dot(A,UnFill(0)); dot(B,UnFill(0)); dot(C,UnFill(0)); label("$A$",A,W); label("$C$",C,NE); label("$B$",B,SE); for(int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { draw((i*A+(n-i)*B)/n--(i*A+(n-i)*C)/n); draw((i*B+(n-i)*A)/n--(i*B+(n-i)*C)/n); draw((i*C+(n-i)*A)/n--(i*C+(n-i)*B)/n); }[/asy][/asy] [Thanks azjps for drawing the diagram.] NoteNote: Vid changed to Amir, and Eva change to Reza!

Third Grade

1

Let $a,b,c$ be positive integers. Prove that $a^2+b^2+c^2$ is divisible by $4$, if and only if $a,b,c$ are even.

2

Find all real $x$ in the interval $[0, 2\pi)$ such that \[27 \cdot 3^{3 \sin x} = 9^{\cos^2 x}.\]

3

Let $ABC$ be an acute triangle with $|AB| > |AC|.$ Let $D$ be a point on the side $AB$, such that the angles $\angle ACD$ and $\angle CBD$ are equal. Let $E$ denote the midpoint of $BD,$ and let $S$ be the circumcenter of the triangle $BCD.$ Prove that the points $A, E, S$ and $C$ lie on the same circle.

4

Find all non-zero real numbers $x$ such that \[\min \left\{ 4, x+ \frac 4x \right\} \geq 8 \min \left\{ x,\frac 1x\right\} .\]

5

Ten pirates find a chest filled with golden and silver coins. There are twice as many silver coins in the chest as there are golden. They divide the golden coins in such a way that the difference of the numbers of coins given to any two of the pirates is not divisible by $10.$ Prove that they cannot divide the silver coins in the same way.

Fourth Grade

1

Find all prime numbers $p, q$ and $r$ such that $p>q>r$ and the numbers $p-q, p-r$ and $q-r$ are also prime.

2

Let $\mathfrak K_1$ and $\mathfrak K_2$ be circles centered at $O_1$ and $O_2,$ respectively, meeting at the points $A$ and $B.$ Let $p$ be the line through the point $A$ meeting the circles $\mathfrak K_1$ and $\mathfrak K_2$ again at $C_1$ and $C_2.$ Assume that $A$ lies between $C_1$ and $C_2.$ Denote the intersection of the lines $C_1O_1$ and $C_2O_2$ by $D.$ Prove that the points $C_1, C_2, B$ and $D$ lie on the same circle.

3

Find all functions $f: [0, +\infty) \to [0, +\infty)$ satisfying the equation \[(y+1)f(x+y) = f\left(xf(y)\right)\] For all non-negative real numbers $x$ and $y.$

4

For real numbers $a, b$ and $c$ we have \[(2b-a)^2 + (2b-c)^2 = 2(2b^2-ac).\] Prove that the numbers $a, b$ and $c$ are three consecutive terms in some arithmetic sequence.

5

For what positive integers $n \geq 3$ does there exist a polygon with $n$ vertices (not necessarily convex) with property that each of its sides is parallel to another one of its sides?