Prove that $$1\cdot 4 + 2\cdot 5 + 3\cdot 6 + \cdots + n(n+3) = \frac{n(n+1)(n+5)}{3}$$for all positive integer $n$.
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Tags: arithmetic, algebra, induction
AndrewTom
04.07.2023 14:42
Multiply out (k)(k+ 3) and use the formulas for the sum of the first n natural numbers and for the first n square numbers. Alternatively, use mathematical induction. I can write both out if it would be helpful.
AndrewTom
04.07.2023 14:53
$\sum_{k=1}^{n} k(k+3) = \sum_{k=1}^{n} (k^{2} + 3k)$ $= \sum_{k=1}^{n} k^{2} + 3\sum_{k=1}^{n} k$ $= \frac {k(k+1)(2k+1)}{6} + \frac{3k(k+1)}{2}$ $=\frac{k(k+1)(k+5)}{3}$
AndrewTom
04.07.2023 14:59
Base case: $1 \cdot 4 = \frac{1 \cdot 2 \cdot 6}{3} =4$ Assume true for $n = k$, then adding $(n+1)(n+4)$ to both sides, we get $\frac{n(n+1)(n+5)}{3} + \frac{3(n+1)(n+4)}{3}$ $=\frac{(n+1)(n^{2} + 8n + 12)}{3}$ $= \frac{(n+1)(n+2)(n+6)}{3}$ $=\frac{(n+1)(n+1+1)(n+1+5)}{3}$