2017 India National Olympiad

1

In the given figure, $ABCD$ is a square sheet of paper. It is folded along $EF$ such that $A$ goes to a point $A'$ different from $B$ and $C$, on the side $BC$ and $D$ goes to $D'$. The line $A'D'$ cuts $CD$ in $G$. Show that the inradius of the triangle $GCA'$ is the sum of the inradii of the triangles $GD'F$ and $A'BE$. [asy][asy] size(5cm); pair A=(0,0),B=(1,0),C=(1,1),D=(0,1),Ap=(1,0.333),Dp,Ee,F,G; Ee=extension(A,B,(A+Ap)/2,bisectorpoint(A,Ap)); F=extension(C,D,(A+Ap)/2,bisectorpoint(A,Ap)); Dp=reflect(Ee,F)*D; G=extension(C,D,Ap,Dp); D(MP("A",A,W)--MP("E",Ee,S)--MP("B",B,E)--MP("A^{\prime}",Ap,E)--MP("C",C,E)--MP("G",G,NE)--MP("D^{\prime}",Dp,N)--MP("F",F,NNW)--MP("D",D,W)--cycle,black); draw(Ee--Ap--G--F); dot(A);dot(B);dot(C);dot(D);dot(Ap);dot(Dp);dot(Ee);dot(F);dot(G); draw(Ee--F,dashed); [/asy][/asy]

2

Suppose $n \ge 0$ is an integer and all the roots of $x^3 + \alpha x + 4 - ( 2 \times 2016^n) = 0$ are integers. Find all possible values of $\alpha$.

3

Find the number of triples $(x,a,b)$ where $x$ is a real number and $a,b$ belong to the set $\{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9\}$ such that $$x^2-a\{x\}+b=0.$$where $\{x\}$ denotes the fractional part of the real number $x$.

4

Let $ABCDE$ be a convex pentagon in which $\angle{A}=\angle{B}=\angle{C}=\angle{D}=120^{\circ}$ and the side lengths are five consecutive integers in some order. Find all possible values of $AB+BC+CD$.

5

Let $ABC$ be a triangle with $\angle{A}=90^{\circ}$ and $AB<AC$. Let $AD$ be the altitude from $A$ on to $BC$, Let $P,Q$ and $I$ denote respectively the incentres of triangle $ABD,ACD$ and $ABC$. Prove that $AI$ is perpendicular to $PQ$ and $AI=PQ$.

6

Let $n\ge 1$ be an integer and consider the sum $$x=\sum_{k\ge 0} \dbinom{n}{2k} 2^{n-2k}3^k=\dbinom{n}{0}2^n+\dbinom{n}{2}2^{n-2}\cdot{}3+\dbinom{n}{4}2^{n-k}\cdot{}3^2 + \cdots{}.$$Show that $2x-1,2x,2x+1$ form the sides of a triangle whose area and inradius are also integers.