2014 International Zhautykov Olympiad

Day 1

1

Points $M$, $N$, $K$ lie on the sides $BC$, $CA$, $AB$ of a triangle $ABC$, respectively, and are different from its vertices. The triangle $MNK$ is called beautiful if $\angle BAC=\angle KMN$ and $\angle ABC=\angle KNM$. If in the triangle $ABC$ there are two beautiful triangles with a common vertex, prove that the triangle $ABC$ is right-angled. Proposed by Nairi M. Sedrakyan, Armenia

2

Does there exist a function $f: \mathbb R \to \mathbb R $ satisfying the following conditions: (i) for each real $y$ there is a real $x$ such that $f(x)=y$ , and (ii) $f(f(x)) = (x - 1)f(x) + 2$ for all real $x$ ? Proposed by Igor I. Voronovich, Belarus

3

Given are 100 different positive integers. We call a pair of numbers good if the ratio of these numbers is either 2 or 3. What is the maximum number of good pairs that these 100 numbers can form? (A number can be used in several pairs.) Proposed by Alexander S. Golovanov, Russia

Day 2

1

Does there exist a polynomial $P(x)$ with integral coefficients such that $P(1+\sqrt 3) = 2+\sqrt 3$ and $P(3+\sqrt 5) = 3+\sqrt 5 $? Proposed by Alexander S. Golovanov, Russia

2

Let $U=\{1, 2,\ldots, 2014\}$. For positive integers $a$, $b$, $c$ we denote by $f(a, b, c)$ the number of ordered 6-tuples of sets $(X_1,X_2,X_3,Y_1,Y_2,Y_3)$ satisfying the following conditions: (i) $Y_1 \subseteq X_1 \subseteq U$ and $|X_1|=a$; (ii) $Y_2 \subseteq X_2 \subseteq U\setminus Y_1$ and $|X_2|=b$; (iii) $Y_3 \subseteq X_3 \subseteq U\setminus (Y_1\cup Y_2)$ and $|X_3|=c$. Prove that $f(a,b,c)$ does not change when $a$, $b$, $c$ are rearranged. Proposed by Damir A. Yeliussizov, Kazakhstan

3

Four segments divide a convex quadrilateral into nine quadrilaterals. The points of intersections of these segments lie on the diagonals of the quadrilateral (see figure). It is known that the quadrilaterals 1, 2, 3, 4 admit inscribed circles. Prove that the quadrilateral 5 also has an inscribed circle. [asy][asy] pair A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L; A=(-4.0,4.0);B=(-1.06,4.34);C=(-0.02,4.46);D=(4.14,4.93);E=(3.81,0.85);F=(3.7,-0.42); G=(3.49,-3.05);H=(1.37,-2.88);I=(-1.46,-2.65);J=(-2.91,-2.52);K=(-3.14,-1.03);L=(-3.61,1.64); draw(A--D);draw(D--G);draw(G--J);draw(J--A); draw(A--G);draw(D--J); draw(B--I);draw(C--H);draw(E--L);draw(F--K); pair R,S,T,U,V; R=(-2.52,2.56);S=(1.91,2.58);T=(-0.63,-0.11);U=(-2.37,-1.94);V=(2.38,-2.06); label("1",R,N);label("2",S,N);label("3",T,N);label("4",U,N);label("5",V,N); [/asy][/asy] Proposed by Nairi M. Sedrakyan, Armenia