2022 Serbia Team Selection Test

Day 1

P1

For a non-constant polynomial $P(x)=a_{n} x^{n}+a_{n-1} x^{n-1}+\ldots+a_{1} x+a_{0} \in \mathbb{R}[x], a_{n} \neq 0, n \in \mathbb{N}$, we say that $P$ is symmetric if $a_{k}=a_{n-k}$ for every $k=0,1, \ldots,\left\lceil\frac{n}{2}\right\rceil$. We define the weight of a non-constant polynomial $P \in \mathbb{R}[x]$, denoted by $t(P)$, as the multiplicity of its zero with the highest multiplicity. a) Prove that there exist non-constant, monic, pairwise distinct polynomials $P_{1}, P_{2}, \ldots, P_{2021} \in \mathbb{R}[x]$, none of which is symmetric, such that the product of any two (distinct) polynomials is symmetric. b) What is the smallest possible value of $t\left(P_{1} \cdot P_{2} \cdot \ldots \cdot P_{2021}\right)$, if $P_{1}, P_{2}, \ldots, P_{2021} \in \mathbb{R}[x]$ are non-constant, monic, pairwise distinct polynomials, none of which is symmetric, and the product of any two (distinct) polynomials is symmetric?

P2

Given is a triangle $ABC$ with circumcircle $\gamma$. Points $E, F$ lie on $AB, AC$ such that $BE=CF$. Let $(AEF)$ meet $\gamma$ at $D$. The perpendicular from $D$ to $EF$ meets $\gamma$ at $G$ and $AD$ meets $EF$ at $P$. If $PG$ meets $\gamma$ at $J$, prove that $\frac {JE} {JF}=\frac{AE} {AF}$.

P3

Let $n$ be an odd positive integer. Given are $n$ balls - black and white, placed on a circle. For a integer $1\leq k \leq n-1$, call $f(k)$ the number of balls, such that after shifting them with $k$ positions clockwise, their color doesn't change. a) Prove that for all $n$, there is a $k$ with $f(k) \geq \frac{n-1}{2}$. b) Prove that there are infinitely many $n$ (and corresponding colorings for them) such that $f(k)\leq \frac{n-1}{2}$ for all $k$.

Day 2

P5

Given is a positive integer $n$ divisible by $3$ and such that $2n-1$ is a prime. Does there exist a positive integer $x>n$ such that $$nx^{n+1}+(2n+1)x^n-3(n-1)x^{n-1}-x-3$$is a product of the first few odd primes?

P6

Let $ABCD$ be a trapezoid with bases $AB,CD$ such that $CD=k \cdot AB$ ($0<k<1$). Point $P$ is such that $\angle PAB=\angle CAD$ and $\angle PBA=\angle DBC$. Prove that $PA+PB \leq \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1-k^2}} \cdot AB$.