1993 Iran MO (3rd Round)

1

Prove that there exist infinitely many positive integers which can't be represented as sum of less than $10$ odd positive integers' perfect squares.

2

In the figure below, area of triangles $AOD, DOC,$ and $AOB$ is given. Find the area of triangle $OEF$ in terms of area of these three triangles. [asy][asy] import graph; size(11.52cm); real lsf=0.5; pen dps=linewidth(0.7)+fontsize(10); defaultpen(dps); pen ds=black; real xmin=-2.4,xmax=9.12,ymin=-6.6,ymax=5.16; pair A=(0,0), F=(9,0), B=(4,0), C=(3.5,2), D=(1.94,2.59), O=(2.75,1.57); draw(A--(3,4),linewidth(1.2)); draw((3,4)--F,linewidth(1.2)); draw(A--F,linewidth(1.2)); draw((3,4)--B,linewidth(1.2)); draw(A--C,linewidth(1.2)); draw(B--D,linewidth(1.2)); draw((3,4)--O,linewidth(1.2)); draw(C--F,linewidth(1.2)); draw(F--O,linewidth(1.2)); dot(A,ds); label("$A$",(-0.28,-0.23),NE*lsf); dot(F,ds); label("$F$",(8.79,-0.4),NE*lsf); dot((3,4),ds); label("$E$",(3.05,4.08),NE*lsf); dot(B,ds); label("$B$",(4.05,0.09),NE*lsf); dot(C,ds); label("$C$",(3.55,2.08),NE*lsf); dot(D,ds); label("$D$",(1.76,2.71),NE*lsf); dot(O,ds); label("$O$",(2.57,1.17),NE*lsf); clip((xmin,ymin)--(xmin,ymax)--(xmax,ymax)--(xmax,ymin)--cycle); [/asy][/asy]

4

Prove that there exists a subset $S$ of positive integers such that we can represent each positive integer as difference of two elements of $S$ in exactly one way.

5

In a convex quadrilateral $ABCD$, diagonals $AC$ and $BD$ are equal. We construct four equilateral triangles with centers $O_1,O_2,O_3,O_4$ on the sides sides $AB, BC, CD, DA$ outside of this quadrilateral, respectively. Show that $O_1O_3 \perp O_2O_4$.

6

Let $x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_{12}$ be twelve real numbers such that for each $1 \leq i \leq 12$, we have $|x_i| \geq 1$. Let $I=[a,b]$ be an interval such that $b-a \leq 2$. Prove that number of the numbers of the form $t= \sum_{i=1}^{12} r_ix_i$, where $r_i=\pm 1$, which lie inside the interval $I$, is less than $1000$.