2016 Argentina National Olympiad

Level 3

Day 1

1

Find an arithmetic progression of $2016$ natural numbers such that neither is a perfect power but its multiplication is a perfect power. Clarification: A perfect power is a number of the form $n^k$ where $n$ and $k$ are both natural numbers greater than or equal to $2$.

2

For an integer $m\ge 3$, let $S(m)=1+\frac{1}{3}+…+\frac{1}{m}$ (the fraction $\frac12$ does not participate in addition and does participate in fractions $\frac{1}{k}$ for integers from $3$ until $m$). Let $n\ge 3$ and $ k\ge 3$ . Compare the numbers $S(nk)$ and $S(n)+S(k)$ .

3

Agustín and Lucas, by turns, each time mark a box that has not yet been marked on a $101\times 101$ grid board. Augustine starts the game. You cannot check a box that already has two checked boxes in its row or column. The one who can't make his move loses. Decide which of the two players has a winning strategy.

Day 2

4

Find the angles of a convex quadrilateral $ABCD$ such that $\angle ABD = 29^o$, $\angle ADB = 41^o$, $\angle ACB = 82^o$ and $\angle ACD = 58^o$

5

Let $a$ and $b$ be rational numbers such that $a+b=a^2+b^2$ . Suppose the common value $s=a+b=a^2+b^2$ is not an integer, and let's write it as an irreducible fraction: $s=\frac{m}{n}$. Let $p$ be the smallest prime divisor of $n$. Find the minimum value of $p$.

6

Let $AB$ be a segment of length $1$. Several particles start moving simultaneously at constant speeds from $A$ up to$ B$. As soon as a particle reaches $B$ , turns around and goes to $A$; when it reaches $A$, begins to move again towards $ B$ , and so on indefinitely. Find all rational numbers$ r>1$ such that there exists an instant $t$ with the following property: For each $n\ge 1$ , if $n+1$ particles with constant speeds $1,r,r^2,…,r^n$ move as described, at instant $t$, they all lie at the same interior point of segment $AB$.